http://www.nieman.harvard.edu/reportsitem.aspx?id=101911
Objectivity and Fairness - Objectivity and fairness in news stories You hear it all the time – reporters should be objective and fair. Some news organizations even use these terms in their slogans, claimed that they are more “fair and balanced” than their competitors. But what is objectivity, and what does it mean to be fair and balanced? Objectivity Objectivity means that when covering hard news, reporters don’t convey their own feelings, biases or prejudices in their stories. But for the beginning reporter accustomed to writing personal essays or journal entries, it can be hard to keep one’s own feelings out of one’s stories. Example: The intrepid protesters demonstrated against the unjust government policies. Just by using the words “intrepid” and “unjust” the writer has quickly conveyed his feelings on the story – the protesters are brave and just in their cause, the government policies are wrong. Fairness Let’s say the local school board is holding a public forum examining whether to ban certain books from the school libraries. A Reporter’s Conduct
The Origins of Objectivity in American Journalism | Richard Kaplan THEEvOLvINGIDEALSOFJOURNALISM ctr t, t c r tb rfct rrct tbc t r.T ut stt rt jr rcbrt t tc ttt thelatenineteenth–earlytwentiethcenturies.Inthecriticalelectionof1896andthepoliticalreformsoftheProgressieEra,1900–20,thepoliciesandcoalitionsmakingupthetwodominantpartiesweredramaticallyreshufed,thepartieswereweakened,andotingturnoutfellprecipitously. i t , rt cr t trt trc rct t originsoftheUnitedStates’exceptionalethic. Objectivity, what is it? Professionalethicsandindependencefromexternalpoliticalcontroldenemany, t crt t , t t t r t b (h andMancini2004). MichaelSchudson(1978:pp.5–7)explains,objectiitypointstoaradicaldoubt rigorouslyimpartial,expertcollectorofinformation.
Glenn Greenwald on Objectivity in Journalism: He's Wrong A debate has been raging for 50 years or more over whether journalists should try to be “objective” in reporting events or describing controversies. It flared up recently in an exchange in The New York Times between former editor Bill Keller and uber-journalist Glenn Greenwald. And even thousands of miles away, I haven’t been able to avoid it. At a conference on the media this week sponsored by the United States Studies Centre of Sydney University, I was asked several times whether I thought journalists should strive to be “objective.” I have a simple answer to this question: yes. And that’s because I reject the assumptions that many people now make in asking this question. The fashionable answer today is that there is no such thing as objectivity. There is an old philosophical fallacy at work here that goes back to the works of the 18th century Irish philosopher George Berkeley. What about Keller’s insistence that impartiality is a better standard than objectivity?
浅析新闻的主观性和客观性_岳筱岳 新闻到底是主观的还是客观的，这个命题让我感到无所适从。 如果，说新闻是主观的，从新闻定义来看，陆定一的定义最具权威性：新闻是新近发生的事实的报道，既然是“事实”的报道，那么新闻本身必然是客观的，并且要求媒介从业人员真实的还原事件本身，不得虚构；要说新闻是主观的，未免显得偏激和片面；若说新闻是客观性和主观性的统一，却又不可避免的落入俗套。这让我陷入的不是“两难”而是“三难”的境地了。 实质上对于新闻报道主观性和客观性的讨论，我们应该全面的多角度分析，切忌以偏概全。 从新闻专业的角度来看 我们应该毫无疑问地肯定，新闻的本质特征之一是客观性，也就是真实的事实，真实是新闻的生命。 新闻与真实性同在、与客观性同存，如果不真实，新闻就不再是新闻。 从哲学的角度来看 首先，美国的所谓“新闻像镜子一样反映事实”的观点是有失偏颇的，我们否定“纯客观”的机械唯物主义观点。 其次，社会存在决定社会意识。 从新闻叙述视角的角度来看 新闻叙事中，记者（叙述主体）所采用的叙事视角是多样和复杂的。 在新闻叙事中全知视角运用的比较广泛。 但全知视角的滥用也会导致新闻报道陷入严重的主观性，仍以上述文章为例，作者在描写杨元元成功考取研究生后的心理状态时写道：“已是而立之年的杨元元非常高兴人生第一次真正把握了自己的命运。” 由此看来我们可以得出这样的结论： 新闻作为一种社会性语言，其本身是客观的，然而由于使用语言的主体的介入，并服务于特定阶层，新闻报道必会通过其运用的语言，来传达个人或集团对被报道事实所持有的主观倾向或态度。 追溯中国媒体发展起源，无论是唐朝的邸报，还是建国初期的各种新兴媒体，都是作为国家的宣传工具出现，先不说它们后来有没有真正做到客观公正，单是这一强烈的目的性，就说明了他根源上主观的政治倾向性。 再说别的国家，例如美国，新闻业再发达，也只是表面上的客观，为了抓人眼球，也曾有黄色新闻泛滥，假新闻充斥的时候。 所以说，新闻是主观的还是客观的这个命题可以得出很多种不同的结论。 对于媒介从业人员，从这个命题中我们应该得到这样的启示： 在新闻报道过程中，要正确把握好舆论导向，要正确处理好主观性与客观性的关系，把握新闻规律，任何时候都要把新闻的真实性放在第一位，多些客观报道，少些个人意志，尽量避免主观臆断，恪守新闻工作者的职业道德，这样，于社会、于自己皆有裨益。 加载中，请稍候......
Journalistic objectivity Journalistic objectivity is a significant principle of journalistic professionalism. Journalistic objectivity can refer to fairness, disinterestedness, factuality, and nonpartisanship, but most often encompasses all of these qualities. Definitions[edit] Sociologist Michael Schudson argues that "the belief in objectivity is a faith in 'facts,' a distrust in 'values,' and a commitment to their segregation Criticisms[edit] Advocacy journalists and civic journalists criticize the understanding of objectivity as neutrality or nonpartisanship, arguing that it does a disservice to the public because it fails to attempt to find truth. Another example of an objection to objectivity, according to communication scholar David Mindich, was the coverage that the major papers (most notably the New York Times) gave to the lynching of thousands of African Americans during the 1890s. Brent Cunningham,[6] the managing editor of Columbia Journalism Review, argues that objectivity excuses lazy reporting.
'New Journalism', Subjectivity and Modern News - proof-reading.org According to Esquire editor Harold Hayes, New Journalism is really ‘literary journalism’ which dates back to the early twentieth century, but ‘New Journalism’ was the name that caught on in the 1960s (Buettler, 1984). Hartsock (1999: 433) lists the various names which have been used for the form besides New Journalism, including literary journalism, literary nonfiction, creative nonfiction. Hartsock also suggests that the multiplicity of terms for this form indicates the ‘fluid nature of its boundaries’. Perhaps the main reason why the term ‘New Journalism’ caught on was its use of the word ‘new’ which, as Bourdieu (1993: 104) claims in his theory of cultural power, is a potent tool in the struggle against established forces. Connery (1992: 4) defines this ‘genre’ as writing that falls between the traditional categories of fiction and journalism. ‘New Journalism’, New Authority Literary Journalism and the Novel Both these literary forms also share a deeper, functional similarity.
Rethinking Journalism Ethics, Objectivity in the Age of Social Media | Mediashift In response to the rapidly changing media environment, many schools and academic programs are offering novel approaches to journalism education. This seismic change creates tensions within programs, especially when it comes to how to teach ethics for this increasingly mixed media. In an earlier column, I put forward some principles for teaching ethics amid this media revolution. But these principles do not address some specific problems. Whither objectivity? Today, students don’t just learn how to report straight news on deadline. Schools of journalism have always taught, to some extent, what is called “opinion journalism,” such as learning to write an editorial that supports a candidate for political office. One problem is whether the ideal of journalistic objectivity should be emphasized in these changing curricula. The new journalism tends to be more personal. So the question is: Should educators maintain or abandon objectivity in their teaching? Photo by Roger H. Redefining Objectivity
A definition of journalistic objectivity as a performance Historically, journalism as a profession emerged alongside the notion of objectivity. However, in the past decades, objectivity has been dismissed not only as an unattainable standard but also as an undesirable norm. Yet an analysis of the criticisms reveals that most scholars actually fail to define journalistic objectivity. This article tries to remedy this flaw and to suggest that journalistic objectivity is an evolving notion which can no longer be considered a synonym for neutrality or detachment. © The Author(s) 2011 新闻语言体现的新闻主观性倾向问题--传媒--人民网 《新闻爱好者》供稿 摘要：一直以来，人们普遍关注新闻报道的客观性，认为新闻是客观、真实地对新近发生事件的记录。事实上，由于新闻事实自身的不可复制性、新闻记者的个人素养和语言的主观性等因素的存在，新闻报道常常体现出记者的主观性倾向。其中语言的主观性特征对新闻报道的主观性倾向有着重要的影响，文中主要从词语选用、语序、句式和句类的选用方面入手，结合新闻实例，从理论与实践两个层面较深入全面地探讨了新闻报道的主观性倾向。笔者期盼以此引起新闻从业人员对语言的关注，尽量在规范的限制内提升新闻报道的客观性。 关键词：新闻报道 词语选用 语序 句式 主观性 新闻的一个非常重要的特点就是客观性，它要求新闻真实反映现实，记者的感情色彩丝毫不要带入新闻作品中。 语言的主观性，是指说写者在说写出一句或一段话的同时，暗示或表明自己对此番话语的立场、态度和感情。
Should Objectivity Still Be The Standard In News? Copyright © 2010 NPR. For personal, noncommercial use only. See Terms of Use. NEAL CONAN, host: This is TALK OF THE NATION. Last week, the popular and outspoken MSNBC anchor Keith Olbermann was briefly suspended for violation of the network's ethics policies. Ted Koppel, who provides commentary for this program and was the host and managing editor of ABC News "Nightline," from 1980 to 2005, took that as an opportunity to criticize the TV news business in a Washington Post op-ed titled, "The Case Against News We Can Choose." Koppel compared Keith Olbermann to Bill O'Reilly of Fox News, and described him as one of the individuals who hold up the twin pillars of political partisanship, and who are encouraged to do so by their parent organizations because their brand of analysis and commentary is highly profitable. (Soundbite of TV show, "Countdown with Keith Olbermann") Mr. The bitter irony that must someday occur to Mr. I may ultimately be judged to have been wrong in what I am doing.
Objectivity in Journalism DAVID BROOKS There is some dispute about whether objectivity can really exist. How do we know the truth? Well, I’m not a relativist on the subject. I think there is truth out there and that objectivity is like virtue; it's the thing you always fall short of, but the thing you always strive toward. And by the way, I think that opinion journalists have to be objective just as much as straight reporters. Opinion journalists, too, have to be able to see reality wholly and truly. What are the stages of getting to objectivity? The second stage is modesty. The same thing has to happen for journalists. The third stage of objectivity is the ability to process data — to take all the facts that you've accumulated and honestly process them into a pattern. The fourth stage of objectivity is the ability to betray friends. The fifth stage of objectivity is the ability to ignore stereotypes. And the last bit, the sixth stage is a willingness to be a little dull. David Brooks. Copyright © 2006 Imprimis
Objectivity and the decades-long shift from “just the facts” to “what does it mean?” If I had only one short sentence to describe it, I’d say that journalism is factual reports of current events. At least, that’s what I used to say, and I think it’s what most people imagine journalism is. But reports of events have been a shrinking part of American journalism for more than 100 years, as stories have shifted from facts to interpretation. Interpretation: analysis, explanation, context, or “in-depth” reporting. Journalists are increasingly in the business of supplying meaning and narrative. New research shows this change very clearly. This chart is from a paper by Katharine Fink and Michael Schudson of Columbia University, which calls these types of stories “contextual journalism.” Investigative journalism picks up after the 1960s but is still only a small percentage of all front-page stories. Investigative journalism may have pride of place within the mythology of American news, but that’s not really what journalists have been up to, by and large. I have a suspicion.
ֵ _233 У _ Ŵ ѧ _ ѧ 摘要：一直以来，人们普遍关注新闻报道的客观性，认为新闻是客观、真实地对新近发生事件的记录。事实上，由于新闻事实自身的不可复制性、新闻记者的个人素养和语言的主观性等因素的存在，新闻报道常常体现出记者的主观性倾向。其中语言的主观性特征对新闻报道的主观性倾向有着重要的影响，文中主要从词语选用、语序、句式和句类的选用方面入手，结合新闻实例，从理论与实践两个层面较深入全面地探讨了新闻报道的主观性倾向。笔者期盼以此引起新闻从业人员对语言的关注，尽量在规范的限制内提升新闻报道的客观性。 关键词：新闻报道 词语选用 语序 句式 主观性 新闻的一个非常重要的特点就是客观性，它要求新闻真实反映现实，记者的感情色彩丝毫不要带入新闻作品中。 语言的主观性，是指说写者在说写出一句或一段话的同时，暗示或表明自己对此番话语的立场、态度和感情。 我们先来看词语选用所体现的新闻报道的主观性特征。 转贴于 233网校论文中心