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Defense Mechanisms

Defense Mechanisms
Defense mechanisms are automatic psychological processes that protect an individual from anxiety and the awareness of internal or external threats or stressors. People are often unaware of these processes as they operate (although others may be painfully aware of them!). Defense mechanisms can be classified into groups or levels that indicate how they affect an individual's functioning. High Adaptive Level: Defense mechanisms in this group result in optimal adaptation to stress. The defenses usually maximize feelings of well being and do not interfere with the conscious awareness of feelings, ideas, and their consequences. •Affiliation involves dealing with stressors by turning to others for help or support. •Altruism involves dealing with stressors by dedicating yourself to meeting the needs of others. •Anticipation involves dealing with stressors by anticipating the consequences and feelings associated with possible future events and considering realistic solutions.

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Stress-busting Hackney model under threat from cherry picking councils Social workers who use the ‘Hackney model’ of children’s social work are less stressed than their colleagues, enjoy their work more and suffer less violence and aggression from parents, according to an evaluation of the Munro-backed approach. The evaluation, published by Professor Donald Forrester of the Tilda Goldberg Centre for Social Work and Social Care at the University of Bedfordshire, also concludes social workers who use the model spend more time with families and have greater confidence in their assessments. Even more impressive is that Forrester admits he and his team started the in-depth study with some scepticism about the model, but have been converted to its benefits compared to the traditional linear model of social work teams.

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Crying A toddler crying Crying (also called sobbing, weeping, wailing, whimpering, bawling, or blubbering[1]) is the shedding of tears in response to an emotional state in humans. The act of crying has been defined as "a complex secretomotor phenomenon characterized by the shedding of tears from the lacrimal apparatus, without any irritation of the ocular structures".[2] A related medical term is lacrimation, which also refers to non-emotional shedding of tears. A neuronal connection between the lacrimal gland (tear duct) and the areas of the human brain involved with emotion has been established. Some scientists believe that only humans produce tears in response to emotional states,[3] while others disagree.[4] Charles Darwin wrote in The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals that the keepers of Indian elephants in the London Zoo told him that their charges shed tears in sorrow.

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