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Scientists unveil tools for rewriting the code of life

Scientists unveil tools for rewriting the code of life
MIT and Harvard researchers have developed technologies that could be used to rewrite the genetic code of a living cell, allowing them to make large-scale edits to the cell’s genome. Such technology could enable scientists to design cells that build proteins not found in nature, or engineer bacteria that are resistant to any type of viral infection. The technology, described in the July 15 issue of Science, can overwrite specific DNA sequences throughout the genome, similar to the find-and-replace function in word-processing programs. Using this approach, the researchers can make hundreds of targeted edits to the genome of E. coli, apparently without disrupting the cells’ function. “We did get some skepticism from biologists early on,” says Peter Carr, senior research staff at MIT’s Lincoln Laboratory (and formerly of the MIT Media Lab), who is one of the paper’s lead authors. DNA consists of long strings of “letters” that code for specific amino acids. ‘Plug and play’

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World's most advanced genetic map created A consortium led by scientists at the University of Oxford and Harvard Medical School has constructed the world's most detailed genetic map. A genetic map specifies the precise areas in the genetic material of a sperm or egg where the DNA from the mother and father has been reshuffled in order to produce this single reproductive cell. The biological process whereby this reshuffling occurs is known as "recombination." While almost every genetic map built so far has been developed from people of European ancestry, this new map is the first constructed from African American recombination genomic data. "This is the world's most accurate genetic map," said David Reich, professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School, who co-led the study with Simon Myers, a lecturer in the Department of Statistics at the University of Oxford. The researchers were surprised to find that positions where recombination occurs in African Americans are significantly different from non-African populations.

Internet Archaeology: Behold the Most Hilarious Abandoned Websites | Underwire For every new website that goes up, there are some like these that get lost or forgotten – along with a sense of what online culture used to look like. We may have faster network speeds and better web features now, but – like finding an old mixtape (yes, on actual cassette tape) – finding a webpage dating back to the turn of the century is like unearthing King Tut’s tomb. And there’s something about those artifacts that’s worth preserving, whether it’s a promo site for the 1996 film Space Jam (above) full of twinkling-little-stars backdrop and spinning GIFs, a virtual “mall” promoting Kevin Smith’s Mallrats, or a collection of (now-nearly-obsolete) “Enter” pages. Some of these gems are easy to find, but others are not, and there’s always a chance that some may disappear from the web forever and while the Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine has logs of more than 240 billion pages and counting, but it probably can’t save everything. “It’s been up there for over ten years now,” Lee said.

Bacterium engineered with DNA in which thymine is replaced by synthetic building block The genetic information of all living cells is stored in the DNA composed of the four canonical bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). An international team of researchers has now succeeded in generating a bacterium possessing a DNA in which thymine is replaced by the synthetic building block 5-chlorouracil (c), a substance toxic for other organisms. The project, coordinated by Rupert Mutzel (Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin) and Philippe Marlière (Heurisko USA Inc.), involved researchers of the French CEA (Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives) and of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (Belgium). As described in the latest issue of Angewandte Chemie International Edition, the experimental work was based on a unique technology developed by Marlière and Mutzel enabling the directed evolution of organisms under strictly controlled conditions.

Pratiquer la musique avant 7 ans modifie le cerveau pour la vie La pratique d'un instrument de musique demande de la coordination. Or, dans les âges les plus précoces de la vie, le cerveau est très plastique et s'adapte facilement aux nouvelles tâches qu'on lui demande. Suffisamment pour créer des connexions durables toute la vie ! © Fotokolosov, StockFreeImages.com Pratiquer la musique avant 7 ans modifie le cerveau pour la vie - 2 Photos Pratiquer la musique, c’est bien. Ce travail, dirigé par Virginia Penhune, de l’université Concordia (Montréal, Canada), a fait appel à 36 musiciens adultes rangés en deux groupes. L’expérience consistait à tester leurs facultés motrices dans un exercice déconnecté de la pratique des instruments. La musique est bénéfique pour le cerveau. Les cerveaux des musiciens précoces mieux branchés Lors du test moteur, les musiciens ayant commencé avant l’âge de 7 ans étaient mieux coordonnés que leurs homologues. La comparaison entre les non-musiciens et ceux ayant commencé après 7 ans a de quoi surprendre. Sur le même sujet

JournalSeek - A Searchable Database of Online Scholarly Journals La NASA a trouvé une autre Terre… 2 fois ! Hier soir, la NASA a diffusé en direct sur sa chaîne une annonce d’une énorme importance. L’agence spatiale américaine a découvert des planètes candidates qui remplissent presque toutes les conditions nécessaires pour héberger la vie. Et selon William Borucki, le directeur scientifique du télescope Kepler, il s’agit des 2 meilleures planètes jamais découvertes. En décembre dernier, il y avait déjà eu beaucoup d’émotions en découvrant une planète potentiellement habitable dans le système solaire de Tau Ceti. Mais la révolution autour du soleil rendait son habitabilité peu probable. Nos nouvelles amies s’appellent Kepler-62-e et Kepler-62-f. elles se trouvent environ à 1200 années lumières de nous. Les deux planètes tournent autour de leur étoile, une naine orange, avec une orbite relativement proche l’une de l’autre (du moins quand on compare la distance Terre-Mars). Et les chercheurs sont plein d’espoirs.

Are genes our destiny? Public release date: 16-Sep-2011 [ Print | E-mail Share ] [ Close Window ] Contact: Andy Hoangahoang@salk.edu 619-861-5811Salk Institute LA JOLLA, CA -- A "hidden" code linked to the DNA of plants allows them to develop and pass down new biological traits far more rapidly than previously thought, according to the findings of a groundbreaking study by researchers at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies. The study, published today in the journal Science, provides the first evidence that an organism's "epigenetic" code - an extra layer of biochemical instructions in DNA - can evolve more quickly than the genetic code and can strongly influence biological traits. While the study was limited to a single plant species called Arabidopsis thaliana, the equivalent of the laboratory rat of the plant world, the findings hint that the traits of other organisms, including humans, might also be dramatically influenced by biological mechanisms that scientists are just beginning to understand.

Elle s'appelle Varda mais elle se soigne | Nathalie Petrowski | Télévision Il y a exactement sept ans, dans ce journal, je prédisais à Varda Étienne un grand avenir en télévision. À l'époque, sa carrière télé était encore embryonnaire. Elle n'avait animé que deux émissions à MusiquePlus, une sur la musique «dance» et une autre sur la mode, mais sa personnalité fantasque, flamboyante et faite sur mesure pour les caméras laissait entrevoir un ciel professionnel radieux pour cette bête de télé qui n'avait pas la langue dans sa poche et maniait sa verve comme un fouet. Sans compter qu'en plus de ses talents de communicatrice, Varda avait un talent encore plus important: celui de convaincre les autres de sa grande valeur. Bref, à 29 ans, tous les espoirs semblaient permis à cette ex-mannequin et fille de bonne famille, qui a grandi en partie à Outremont et épaté ses profs à l'école privée. Pourtant, sept ans ont passé sans que la carrière télé de Varda ne décolle vraiment. Flyée... ou folle finie Souffrir et faire souffrir

5 raisons de ne PAS prendre de suppléments protéinés - Le Pharmachien Les protéines sont essentielles pour tous. Les sportifs doivent absolument en consommer une quantité suffisante. Mais est-il nécessaire de prendre des suppléments? L’une des raisons expliquant la popularité de ces produits est l’existence de standards irréalistes de perfection et de beauté suggérés dans les médias et qui, nous le savons maintenant, sont aussi pires chez les hommes que chez les femmes. Les boutiques qui vendent ces produits n’aident pas à améliorer la situation et leur personnel ne connaît souvent rien en nutrition. D’ailleurs, si vous portez attention, vous remarquerez que ces boutiques ont une ressemblance frappante avec les magasins de produits naturels nouvel-âge… Les suppléments protéinés, c’est un sujet qui me rejoint, car j’en ai pris par le passé… jusqu’à ce que je réalise que ce n’était pas aussi utile que je le croyais. Voici un infographique à ce propos, prouvant encore une fois que j’ai une fixation avec le chiffre « 5 ».

Pacemaker for the brain that switches off chronic pain By Diana Pilkington Published: 01:05 GMT, 26 March 2013 | Updated: 01:05 GMT, 26 March 2013 Putting electrodes in the brain could help patients with widespread chronic pain. Kevin Baker, 57, a retired mechanical engineer from Northumberland, tells how it’s transformed his life. 'After nearly four years (of pain), I was running out of options,' said Kevin Baker You can’t imagine the impact chronic pain has until it happens to you. Six months after I had a stroke in 2006, I began to develop a pain in my left shoulder, which slowly spread to the whole left side of my torso, with pins and needles on the palms of my hands and the sole of my foot. It was a constant crushing sensation, punctuated with sharp spasms every 30 seconds. If anything brushed against my skin, it was unbearable, so I wore extra-large T-shirts. It hurt so much I could barely sleep. I’d always been an avid reader, but I could no longer read a novel because I couldn’t concentrate. My life has been completely transformed.

(100) Cinq raisons...

Yes, I know, it sounds crazy! Furthermore, it's difficult to think that they are workin on projects such as building new kind of DNA and to know that they only know about 4% of the fonction of the DNA. They are still stating that some sequences of the DNA is useless (just because they don't know more about it...). Please, mother nature, forgive them because they don't shit about what they do but kick their asses to help them understand that life is all about respecting things as they are. by ekolibrium Apr 24

APG I'm actually pretty skeptical of this article, it claims MIT found a way to edit DNA sequences and that they can basically use that to create organisms to their own will, like they could make DNA that codes for proteins not found in nature or create super bacteria to help us fight viruses. It all seems too sci-fi to me. by sc215 Apr 23

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