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Maslow's hierarchy of needs - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
An interpretation of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, represented as a pyramid with the more basic needs at the bottom. [ 1 ] Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology , proposed by Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation." [ 2 ] Maslow subsequently extended the idea to include his observations of humans' innate curiosity. His theories parallel many other theories of human developmental psychology , all of which focus on describing the stages of growth in humans.
Quatorze besoins fondamentaux selon Virginia Henderson - Wikipédia
Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Les quatorze besoins fondamentaux représentent un modèle conceptuel en sciences humaines et notamment en soins infirmiers . Ils font partie des courants de pensée infirmière et sont proposés par Virginia Henderson depuis 1947 [ 1 ] .The Right to Equal Protection is a concept that was introduced into the Constitution of the United States during the American Civil War . It is intended to protect the rights provided by the United States Constitution for all individuals regardless of race, ethnicity, gender, etc. It is fundamentally based on the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution, intended to secure rights for former slaves. The Constitution is claimed to uphold racial and gender equality , but until the 1950s, enforcing slavery , segregation , and gender inequality were major aspects of the history of the American federal government. [ edit ] Constitutional basis of equal rights
Right to equal protection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Right to protest - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The right to protest is a perceived human right arising out of a number of recognized human rights . While no human rights instrument or national constitution grants the absolute right to protest, such a right to protest may be a manifestation of the right to freedom of assembly , the right to freedom of association , and the right to freedom of speech . [ 1 ] Many international treaties contain clear enunciations of these rights. Such agreements include the 1950 European Convention on Human Rights , especially Articles 9 to 11; and the 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights , especially Articles 18 to 22.
Right to education
The right to education is a universal entitlement to education , a right that is recognized as a human right . According to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights the right to education includes the right to free, compulsory primary education for all [ 1 ] , an obligation to develop secondary education accessible to all, in particular by the progressive introduction of free secondary education [ 2 ] , as well as an obligation to develop equitable access to higher education , ideally by the progressive introduction of free higher education. [ 3 ] The right to education also includes a responsibility to provide basic education for individuals who have not completed primary education. In addition to these access to education provisions, the right to education encompasses the obligation to rule out discrimination at all levels of the educational system, to set minimum standards and to improve quality of education. [ 4 ] [ edit ] International legal basisPeace First...
RTH - DAL
Millennium Goals...
Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. La qualité de vie d’une population est un enjeu majeur en sciences économiques et en science politique . On utilise les notions proches d’ utilité et de bien-être . Elle est mesurée par de nombreux indicateurs socio-économiques (l’ indice de développement humain (IDH) par exemple).
Qualité de vie - Wikipédia
Niveau de vie - Wikipédia
Une mesure généralement utilisée du niveau de vie, pour une zone donnée, est le revenu par habitant réel (i.e. en prenant en compte l' inflation ) par personne. Parfois d'autres mesures peuvent être utilisées, par exemple l'accès à certains biens (comme le nombre de réfrigérateurs pour 1000 personnes) ou des mesures de santé (comme l' espérance de vie ). La notion de niveau de vie est différente de celle de qualité de vie qui ne prend pas seulement en compte le niveau de vie matériel, mais qui intègre également des facteurs plus subjectifs qui participent à la vie humaine, comme les loisirs, la sécurité, les ressources culturelles, la santé mentale, etc. Des moyens plus complexes pour mesurer le bien-être doivent être employés pour rendre de tels jugements ; ils sont souvent politiques et donc sujets à controverse. Niveau de vie en France [ modifier ]
In public policy, a living wage is the minimum hourly income necessary for a worker to meet basic needs (for an extended period of time or for a lifetime). These needs include shelter (housing) and other incidentals such as clothing and nutrition. In some nations such as the United Kingdom and Switzerland , this standard generally means that a person working forty hours a week, with no additional income, should be able to afford a specified quality or quantity of housing, food , utilities , transport , health care , and recreation . In addition to this definition, living wage activists further define "living wage" as the wage equivalent to the poverty line for a family of four.
Living wage - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. L'expression travailleurs pauvres (« working poor » en anglais) s'utilise pour décrire des personnes qui ont un emploi la majorité de l’année, mais qui demeurent dans la pauvreté , à cause de la faiblesse de leurs revenus ( revenus d'activité et prestations sociales ). Par métonymie, le terme de travailleurs pauvres s’utilise pour désigner les familles entières dont ces travailleurs font partie. En 2004, l'essentiel des travailleurs pauvres dans les pays développés occupaient des postes non-qualifiés ou peu qualifiés [ 1 ] . Dans de nombreux cas, ils ont des emplois partiels, et n'ont pas les avantages d'un contrat stable ( CDI en France) [ 1 ] , ouvrant droit à l' Assurance chômage . C'est aussi le cas des personnes payées « au noir » .
Travailleur pauvre - Wikipédia
Work ethic is a set of values based on hard work and diligence . It is also a belief in the moral benefit of work and its ability to enhance character. An example would be the Protestant work ethic . A work ethic may include being reliable, having initiative, or pursuing new skills. Workers exhibiting a good work ethic in theory should be selected for better positions, more responsibility and ultimately promotion. Workers who fail to exhibit a good work ethic may be regarded as failing to provide fair value for the wage the employer is paying them and should not be promoted or placed in positions of greater responsibility.
Work ethic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Decent work is the availability of employment in conditions of freedom, equity, human security and dignity . According to the International Labour Organization ILO , Decent Work involves opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income, security in the workplace and social protection for families, better prospects for personal development and social integration, freedom for people to express their concerns, organize and participate in the decisions that affect their lives and equality of opportunity and treatment for all women and men. United Nations Economic and Social Council has also given a General Comment [ 1 ] that the Article 7 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights must understood as "decent work". The ILO is developing an agenda for the community of work, represented by its tripartite constituents, to mobilize their considerable resources to create those opportunities and to help reduce and eradicate poverty [1] .
Decent work - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
[ edit ] Introduction "It is now time to consider access to safe drinking water and sanitation as a human right, defined as the right to equal and non-discriminatory access to a sufficient amount of safe drinking water for personal and domestic uses—drinking, personal sanitation, washing of clothes, food preparation and personal and household hygiene—to sustain life and health. States should prioritize these personal and domestic uses over other water uses and should take steps to ensure that this sufficient amount is of good quality, affordable for all and can be collected within a reasonable distance from a person's home." [ 1 ] The number of people lacking access to safe drinking water is 884 million and more than 2.6 billion miss a basic sanitation. [ 2 ] When taken as human right, the right to water places certain responsibilities upon governments to ensure that people can enjoy "sufficient, safe, accessible and affordable water, without discrimination" (cf. GC 15, below).
Right to water - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Right to food - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The right to food , and its variations, is a human right derived from the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ( ICESCR ). The UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food in 2002 defined it as follows: Right to adequate food is a human right , inherent in all people, to have regular, permanent and unrestricted access, either directly or by means of financial purchases, to quantitatively and qualitatively adequate and sufficient food corresponding to the cultural traditions of people to which the consumer belongs, and which ensures a physical and mental, individual and collective fulfilling and dignified life free of fear. [ 1 ] This definition entails all normative elements explained in detail in the General Comment 12 of the ICESCR , which states: [...] the right to adequate food is realized when every man, woman and child, alone or in community with others, have the physical and economic access at all times to adequate food or means for its procurement. [ 2 ]Droit à l'eau - Wikipédia
1° L’évolution du droit international, et en particulier du droit international relatif aux droits de l’homme (DIDH) qui en 2002, via le Comité des droits économiques, sociaux et culturels des Nations Unies(CDESC / Engl. UN CESCR) [ 1 ] , a présenté une liste des obligations des gouvernements afin que ces derniers garantissent le « droit à l’eau » de leur population : l’observation générale n°15 [ 2 ] . 2° L’évolution de la planification et de l’organisation des projets, au sein des ONG de développement, avec l’introduction de « l’approche basée sur les droits de l’homme » (Engl. Human Rights Based Approach – HRBA) [ 3 ] , qui consiste à avoir une approche intégrée de tous les acteurs (Engl. stakeholders) ayant un effet sur un besoin (ex. l’accès à l’eau des populations), en prenant pour base de dialogue leurs obligations juridiques respectives."basic needs" - Google Search
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The basic needs approach is one of the major approaches to the measurement of absolute poverty . It attempts to define the absolute minimum resources necessary for long-term physical well-being , usually in terms of consumption goods . The poverty line is then defined as the amount of income required to satisfy those needs.