Arduino - HomePage. Algorithm design. Algorithm design is a specific method to create a mathematical process in solving problems. Applied algorithm design is algorithm engineering. Algorithm design is identified and incorporated into many solution theories of operation research, such as dynamic programming and divide-and-conquer. Techniques for designing and implementing algorithm designs are algorithm design patterns,[1] such as template method pattern and decorator pattern, and uses of data structures, and name and sort lists. Some current day uses of algorithm design can be found in internet retrieval processes of web crawling, packet routing and caching.
Mainframe programming languages such as ALGOL (for Algorithmic language), FORTRAN, COBOL, PL/I, SAIL, and SNOBOL are computing tools to implement an "algorithm design"... but, an "algorithm design" (a/d) is not a language. One of the most important aspects of algorithm design is creating an algorithm that has an efficient run time, also known as its big Oh. Notes[edit] Www.cs.umd.edu/~mount/451/Lects/451lects.pdf. Understanding the Principles of Algorithm Design. This article will dive into the principles of algorithm design. If you haven't a clue what I'm referring to, read on! When you hear the word "algorithm," you probably respond in one of three ways: You immediately know and understand what we're talking about because you studied computer science.You know that algorithms are the workhorses of companies like Google and Facebook, but you aren't really sure what the word means.You run and hide in fear because everything you know about algorithms reminds you of high-school Calculus nightmares.
If you are one of the second two, this article is for you. What is an Algorithm, Exactly? Algorithms are not a special type of operation, necessarily. They are conceptual, a set of steps that you take in code to reach a specific goal. Algorithms have been commonly defined in simple terms as "instructions for completing a task". Algorithms are indeed instructions. You may be saying to yourself, "That's a function.
" So why are they a big deal? So what's Better? Design and Analysis of Computer Algorithms. Algorithm. Flow chart of an algorithm (Euclid's algorithm) for calculating the greatest common divisor (g.c.d.) of two numbers a and b in locations named A and B. The algorithm proceeds by successive subtractions in two loops: IF the test B ≥ A yields "yes" (or true) (more accurately the numberb in location B is greater than or equal to the numbera in location A) THEN, the algorithm specifies B ← B − A (meaning the number b − a replaces the old b). Similarly, IF A > B, THEN A ← A − B. The process terminates when (the contents of) B is 0, yielding the g.c.d. in A. (Algorithm derived from Scott 2009:13; symbols and drawing style from Tausworthe 1977).
In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm ( i/ˈælɡərɪðəm/ AL-gə-ri-dhəm) is a step-by-step procedure for calculations. Algorithms are used for calculation, data processing, and automated reasoning. Informal definition[edit] Boolos & Jeffrey (1974, 1999) offer an informal meaning of the word in the following quotation: Formalization[edit] The Basics of Algorithm Design Part One. In the previous lesson I showed how you can take a string of text formatted as a date in YYYYMMDD format, and convert it into three valid null terminated strings, one for year, month, and day. This was a simple example of something called an algorithm. An algorithm is a sequence of steps you take inside of a program to perform some complicated task. Usually algorithms involve loops as they need to repeat instructions numerous times. Algorithm design refers in part to taking some process you want to accomplish and turning it into a working system of loops which get the job done. In this lesson I am not just going to simply explain what an algorithm is.
Why do you need to do this? Properly being able to write and read complex algorithms is a critical skill that any serious programmer needs. Keep in mind from the previous lesson that we had something that looked like this: // Figure (a) What you should notice about this is that there is "a number" that changes according to a set pattern. Learn about Java Technology. Java is the foundation for virtually every type of networked application and is the global standard for developing and delivering embedded and mobile applications, games, Web-based content, and enterprise software. With more than 9 million developers worldwide, Java enables you to efficiently develop, deploy and use exciting applications and services.
From laptops to datacenters, game consoles to scientific supercomputers, cell phones to the Internet, Java is everywhere! 97% of Enterprise Desktops Run Java89% of Desktops (or Computers) in the U.S. Run Java9 Million Java Developers Worldwide#1 Choice for Developers#1 Development Platform3 Billion Mobile Phones Run Java100% of Blu-ray Disc Players Ship with Java5 Billion Java Cards in Use125 million TV devices run Java5 of the Top 5 Original Equipment Manufacturers Ship Java ME Why Software Developers Choose Java Java has been tested, refined, extended, and proven by a dedicated community of Java developers, architects and enthusiasts.
JavaScript: The World's Most Misunderstood Programming Language. Douglas Crockford www.crockford.com JavaScript, aka Mocha, aka LiveScript, aka JScript, aka ECMAScript, is one of the world's most popular programming languages. Virtually every personal computer in the world has at least one JavaScript interpreter installed on it and in active use. JavaScript's popularity is due entirely to its role as the scripting language of the WWW. Despite its popularity, few know that JavaScript is a very nice dynamic object-oriented general-purpose programming language. How can this be a secret? Why is this language so misunderstood? The Name The Java- prefix suggests that JavaScript is somehow related to Java, that it is a subset or less capable version of Java.
JavaScript has a syntactic similarity to Java, much as Java has to C. JavaScript was not developed at Sun Microsystems, the home of Java. The -Script suffix suggests that it is not a real programming language, that a scripting language is less than a programming language. Lisp in C's Clothing Typecasting. Eloquent JavaScript: A Modern Introduction to Programming. JavaScript Tutorial. JavaScript. JavaScript is classified as a prototype-based scripting language with dynamic typing and first-class functions. This mix of features makes it a multi-paradigm language, supporting object-oriented,[6] imperative, and functional[1][7] programming styles.
JavaScript has been standardized in the ECMAScript language specification. History[edit] Beginnings at Netscape[edit] JavaScript was originally developed by Brendan Eich, while working for Netscape Communications Corporation. Although it was developed under the name Mocha, the language was officially called LiveScript when it first shipped in beta releases of Netscape Navigator 2.0 in September 1995, but it was renamed JavaScript[10] when it was deployed in the Netscape browser version 2.0B3.[11] The change of name from LiveScript to JavaScript roughly coincided with Netscape adding support for Java technology in its Netscape Navigator web browser. Server-side JavaScript[edit] Adoption by Microsoft[edit] Standardization[edit] Trademark[edit]
Java (programming language) Duke, the Java mascot Sun Microsystems released the first public implementation as Java 1.0 in 1995.[1] It promised "Write Once, Run Anywhere" (WORA), providing no-cost run-times on popular platforms. Fairly secure and featuring configurable security, it allowed network- and file-access restrictions. Major web browsers soon incorporated the ability to run Java applets within web pages, and Java quickly became popular.
With the advent of Java 2 (released initially as J2SE 1.2 in December 1998 – 1999), new versions had multiple configurations built for different types of platforms. For example, J2EE targeted enterprise applications and the greatly stripped-down version J2ME for mobile applications (Mobile Java). On November 13, 2006, Sun released much of Java as free and open source software, (FOSS), under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL). There were five primary goals in the creation of the Java language:[23] Major release versions of Java, along with their release dates: Java Programming. Overview. Our goal in this chapter is to convince you that writing a computer program is easier than writing a piece of text such as a paragraph or an essay. Java programs in this chapter. Below is a list of Java programs in this chapter. Click on the program name to access the Java code; click on the reference number for a brief description; read the textbook for a full discussion.
Exercises. Copyright © 2002–2012 and . All rights reserved. Java Programming. About the project of this book... This book is an introduction to programming in Oracle’s Java™ programming language, a widely used programming language and software platform. This book serves as a comprehensive guide, complete with a series of tutorials to help users better understand the many ways one can program in Java. In its entirety, this book is meant to be both an introductory guide and a useful reference on Java and related technologies. As is the nature of this book, the content within the book is continuously being updated and revised. If you are not familiar with Object Oriented Programming, you should first read the book Object Oriented Programming. Preface Getting started Language fundamentals Classes and objects Collections Exceptions Concurrent Programming Annotations Designing user interfaces Advanced topics Appendices.
Codecademy. 15 Programming Skills Most Coveted By Employers. More than ever, companies need coders. And while tech firms do the bulk of the hiring, the demand for programmers spans industries and only seems to be growing. From writing basic HTML to building complex logic into mobile applications, the ability to smartly craft lines of code continues to be one of the most in-demand — and often, well-paying — skill sets one can have.
(See also: Why This Guy Quit His Sports-Radio Dream Job... To Write Software) So what skills are the most sought after? That's an ever-fluctuating, somewhat difficult thing to track. 15. It may be almost 20 years old, but the object-oriented scripting language is still going strong. Microsoft's server-side Web development framework is more controversial than many of its peers, in part because it's a Microsoft product. AJAX is actually multiple technologies bundled into one. 12. For a 30-year-old programming language, Objective C is looking pretty good. PHP is huge. 10. Dropbox isn't the only one hiring Python talent. 9. Top Five Hacker Tools Every CISO Should Understand. As the role of the CISO continues to evolve within organizations towards that of an executive level position, we see a growing emphasis on traditional business administration skills over the more technical skills that previously defined the top security leadership job. Nonetheless, CISOs need to keep abreast of the latest down-in-the-weeds tools and technologies that can benefit their organization’s security posture, as well as those tools that are widely available which could be misused by malicious actors to identify and exploit network security weaknesses.
In light of that fact, we recently spoke to Nabil Ouchn (@toolswatch), the organizer of the Arsenal Tools exhibit and activities at the BlackHat Conferences in both the US and Europe since 2011, as well as being the founder of the portal ToolsWatch.org. (Part Two Here: Five More Hacker Tools Every CISO Should Understand) Armitage HashCat “There is constantly a battle between security folks and users when it comes to passwords. Wifite. HTML. HTML or HyperText Markup Language is the standard markup language used to create web pages. HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle brackets (like <html>). HTML tags most commonly come in pairs like <h1>and </h1>, although some tags represent empty elements and so are unpaired, for example <img>. The first tag in a pair is the start tag, and the second tag is the end tag (they are also called opening tags and closing tags).
The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML documents and compose them into visible or audible web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page. HTML describes the structure of a website semantically along with cues for presentation, making it a markup language rather than a programming language. Web browsers can also refer to Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) to define the look and layout of text and other material.
History[edit] The historic logo made by the W3C May 2000. HTML Tutorial. Basic HTML Programming. CSS Tutorial. HyperText Markup Language. HTML Tutorials, Web design, HTML Programming. The XML Programming Language. Click below to go directly to a specific section: History| Significant Language Features| Areas of Application| Sample Programs| Related Links| Printed References| Acknowledgements History XML, which stands for Extensible Markup Language, is a language similar to HTML used for creating arbitrarily-structured documents and web pages.
The language is a filtered version of SGML, Standard Generalized Mark-Up Language, but more suited for web delivery with less overhead common with SGML. Unlike HTML, XML specifies no pre-defined tags. Instead, the semantics of an XML document are defined by the applications that process them. Significant Language Features XML files are written in ASCII text, so the information contained within an XML document is exchangeable between otherwise incompatible systems. The syntax of XML is completely ambiguous and really cannot be standardized. Since it is a text file, it can be viewed in any text editor. Areas of Application Sample Programs An Invoice in XML. XML Tutorial. XML.com. Getting Started with XML Programming April 21, 1999 If you're new to programming with XML, you may be wondering how to get started.
The benefits of using XML to store structured data may be obvious, but once you've got some data in XML, how do you get it back out? In this article, we'll explore several alternatives and look at some concrete solutions in Perl. (The process and the alternatives are much the same in Python, Java, C++, or your favorite programming language.)
We're going to build a simple text processing application that uses XML to store user preferences and other configuration data. Reading configuration files Many applications need to store user preferences and other sorts of configuration information. Most programmers have probably written code to process text files like this at one time or another. Example 1. [section1] name1=value1 name2=value2 [section2] someothername=someothervalue A simple configuration file format in XML Example 2. Figure 1. Simplifying assumptions. SQL. SQL Tutorial - SQL Query Reference and Programming Examples. Structured Query Language. C programming.com - Learn C and C++ Programming - Cprogramming.com. C Programming.
C (programming language) Learn C The Hard Way. Programming in C. C Tutorial. C++ C++ Language. C++ Programming. C++ Programming Language Tutorials. Learn C++ The Perl Programming Language - www.perl.org. Perl Programming. Practical Perl Programming. Perl. C Sharp (programming language) C# Programming Guide. C# Programming. Welcome to Python.org.
Python Programming. VsPhp. Python (programming language) Welcome - Learn Python - Free Interactive Python Tutorial. PHP Programming. Hypertext Preprocessor. PHP. PHP 5 Tutorial.