Paul Zak: Trust, morality -- and oxytocin. Mimicry beats consciousness in gaming's Turing test - tech - 25 September 2012. By Celeste Biever The Turing test might still be too hard for software to crack – but two programs have already aced video gaming’s answer to this famous evaluation of machine intelligence.
The two winning programs, or bots, relied on strategies of direct human mimicry to win an annual software tournament called BotPrize – and beat an intriguing rival based on a stripped-down model of human consciousness. As in the original Turing test, BotPrize bots attempt to convince human judges that they too are human. But whereas Turing test bots are judged on their ability to converse, in BotPrize, it’s the ability to play and navigate the 3D shoot-’em-up video game Unreal Tournament in a human-like manner that counts. Multiple bots and human judges play simultaneously, all-against-all, and anonymously, in the same arena of battle. The idea is to design more realistic virtual characters, which, in turn, should make video games more compelling and software simulations used for training more useful. Zygon Center for Religion and Science. International Consciousness Research Laboratories | Furthering the establishment of a Science of the Subjective.
ASSC. Neural correlates of consciousness. Figure 1: The Neuronal Correlates of Consciousness (NCC) are the minimal set of neural events and structures – here synchronized action potentials in neocortical pyramidal neurons – sufficient for a specific conscious percept or a conscious (explicit) memory. From Koch (2004). The Neural Correlates of Consciousness (NCC) can be defined as the minimal neuronal mechanisms jointly sufficient for any one specific conscious percept (Crick & Koch 1990). The Neurobiological Approach to Consciousness Consciousness is a puzzling, state-dependent property of certain types of complex, biological, adaptive, and highly interconnected systems. A science of consciousness must strive to explain the exact relationship between phenomenal, mental states and brain states.
The Neural Correlates of Consciousness Progress in addressing the mind-body problem has come from focusing on empirically accessible questions rather than on eristic philosophical arguments. Level of Arousal and Content of Consciousness. Daniel Wolpert: The real reason for brains. Chinese room. The Chinese room is a thought experiment presented by John Searle to challenge the claim that it is possible for a digital computer running a program to have a "mind" and "consciousness" in the same sense that people do, simply by virtue of running the right program. According to Searle, when referring to a hypothetical computer program which can be told a story then answer questions about it: Partisans of strong AI claim that in this question and answer sequence the machine is not only simulating a human ability but also (1) that the machine can literally be said to understand the story and provide the answers to questions, and (2) that what the machine and its program do explains the human ability to understand the story and answer questions about it.
To contest this view, Searle writes in his first description of the argument: "Suppose that I'm locked in a room and ... that I know no Chinese, either written or spoken". Chinese room thought experiment[edit] More general context[edit] John Searle: Our shared condition -- consciousness. Dan Dennett on our consciousness. Dan Dennett | Profile on TED.com. Intuition pump. In the case of the Chinese Room argument, Dennett argues that the intuitive notion that a person manipulating symbols seems inadequate to constitute any form of consciousness ignores the requirements of memory, recall, emotion, world knowledge and rationality that the system would actually need to pass such a test.
"Searle does not deny that programs can have all this structure, of course," Dennett says.[2] "He simply discourages us from attending to it. But if we are to do a good job imagining the case, we are not only entitled but obliged to imagine that the program Searle is hand-simulating has all this structure — and more, if only we can imagine it. But then it is no longer obvious, I trust, that there is no genuine understanding of the joke going on. " A popular strategy in philosophy is to construct a certain sort of thought experiment I call an intuition pump [...]. See also[edit] References[edit] Jump up ^ Baggini, Julian; Peter Fosl (2003). "2". External links[edit] Consciousness Might Emerge from a Data Broadcast. Quantum physicist Wolfgang Pauli expressed disdain for sloppy, nonsensical theories by denigrating them as “not even wrong,” meaning they were just empty conjectures that could be quickly dismissed.
Unfortunately, many remarkably popular theories of consciousness are of this ilk—the idea, for instance, that our experiences can somehow be explained by the quantum theory that Pauli himself helped to formulate in the early 20th century. An even more far-fetched idea holds that consciousness emerged only a few thousand years ago, when humans realized that the voices in their head came not from the gods but from their own internal spoken narratives. Not every theory of consciousness, however, can be dismissed as just so much intellectual flapdoodle. During the past several decades, two distinct frameworks for explaining what consciousness is and how the brain produces it have emerged, each compelling in its own way.
This neural buffer does more than process recent sensory inputs. Daniel Dennett. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Daniel Clement Dennett est un philosophe américain né le à Boston. C'est l'un des plus importants philosophes contemporains, en philosophie de l'esprit et en philosophie des sciences, et tout particulièrement en ce qui concerne les retombées de la théorie de l'évolution (Darwin's Dangerous Idea) et son refus dans quelques milieux religieux interprété à la lumière des sciences cognitives, ces dernières constituant son sujet de prédilection (Consciousness Explained, The Mind's "I", ...). Biographie[modifier | modifier le code] Ami de Richard Dawkins, il déclare cependant dans The Atheism Tapes (BBC) ne pas partager son avis sur l'intérêt de lutter contre les religions, estimant que Dawkins « sous-estime le désarroi qui s'emparerait d'une grande partie de la population » si elle devait affronter l'existence sans ce secours.
Il précise que cela ne remet pas en cause son athéisme personnel. Les travaux de Dennett[modifier | modifier le code] Core consciousness. Developed in his (1999) book, 'The Feeling of What Happens', Antonio Damasio's three layered theory of consciousness is based on a hierarchy of stages, with each stage building upon the last. The most basic representation of the organism is referred to as the Protoself, next is Core Consciousness, and finally, Extended Consciousness.
Damasio, who is an internationally recognized leader in neuroscience, was educated at the University of Lisbon and currently directs the University of Southern California Brain and Creativity Institute.[1] Damasio's approach to explaining the development of consciousness relies on three notions: emotion, feeling, and feeling a feeling. Emotions are a collection of unconsicous neural responses to qualia.
These complex reactions to stimuli cause observable external changes in the organism. A feeling arises when the organism becomes aware of the changes it is experiencing as a result of external or internal stimuli.[2] Protoself[edit] Core consciousness[edit] Consciousness Explained. Consciousness Explained is a 1991 book by the American philosopher Daniel Dennett which offers an account of how consciousness arises from interaction of physical and cognitive processes in the brain.
Synopsis[edit] The book puts forward a "multiple drafts" model of consciousness, suggesting that there is no single central place (a "Cartesian Theater") where conscious experience occurs; instead there are "various events of content-fixation occurring in various places at various times in the brain".[1] The brain consists of a "bundle of semi-independent agencies";[2] when "content-fixation" takes place in one of these, its effects may propagate so that it leads to the utterance of one of the sentences that make up the story in which the central character is one's "self".
Dennett's view of consciousness is that it is the apparently serial account for the brain's underlying parallelism. One of the book's more controversial claims is that qualia do not (and cannot) exist. [edit] See also[edit] La Conscience expliquée. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. La Conscience expliquée est un livre publié par Daniel Dennett en 1991, tentant d'expliquer ce qu'est la conscience et ses mécanismes en faisant largement appel aux sciences cognitives. La traduction française du livre, assurée par Pascal Engel, fut publiée aux Éditions Odile Jacob en 1993. En fondant son argumentation sur les connaissances récentes en informatique, en psychologie et en neurosciences, Dennett propose une théorie de la conscience qu'il baptise « modèle des versions multiples (en) ».
Selon cette théorie des faits simples comme élaborer la prochaine phrase que l'on va énoncer ou faire un choix ne sont en réalité qu'un résultat obtenu au terme d'une compétition darwinienne. Portail de la psychologie. Antonio Damasio: The quest to understand consciousness. Rebecca Saxe: How we read each other's minds.
God is in The Neurons. Consciousness in humans and non-human animals: Recent advances and future directions. | Frontiers in Consciousness Research. Melanie Boly1,2,3*, Anil K. Seth4,5, Melanie Wilke6,7, Paul Ingmundson8, Bernard Baars9, Steven Laureys3, David B. Naotsugu Tsuchiya11,12 This joint article reflects the authors' personal views regarding noteworthy advances in the neuroscience of consciousness in the last 10 years, and suggests what we feel may be promising future directions.
Keywords: consciousness, animals, human cognition, theoretical neuroscience, biotechnology, neuroimaging Citation: Boly M, Seth AK, Wilke M, Ingmundson P, Baars B, Laureys S, Edelman DB and Tsuchiya N (2013) Consciousness in humans and non-human animals: recent advances and future directions. Received: 11 March 2013; Accepted: 24 August 2013; Published online: 31 October 2013. Copyright © 2013 Boly, Seth, Wilke, Ingmundson, Baars, Laureys, Edelman and Tsuchiya. *Correspondence: Melanie Boly, Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI 53719, USA e-mail: boly@wisc.edu. Antonio Damasio. Antonio Damasio (born February 25, 1944) is a Portuguese-American neuroscientist/neurobiologist. He is a University Professor and David Dornsife Professor of Neuroscience at the University of Southern California (where he also heads the Brain and Creativity Institute), an Adjunct Professor at the Salk Institute,[1] and the author of several books describing his scientific thinking.
"As a leading neuroscientist, Damasio has dared to speculate on neurobiological data, and has offered a theory about the relationship between human emotions, human rationality, and the underlying biology. "[2] Prior to joining USC in 2005, Damasio was M.W. Van Allen Professor and Head of Neurology at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics.
Life and work[edit] Damasio studied medicine at the University of Lisbon Medical School, where he also did his neurological residency and completed his doctorate. Damasio's books deal with the relationship between emotions and feelings, and what their brain substrates. Definitions of consciousness. The Mind Unleashed: 3 Censored TED Talks They Don't Want You To See. The current establishment has plenty to gain by keeping the people of this planet in the dark about ideas that can lead to a revolution in human consciousness. It’s time to change that. 1. Graham Hancock – The War on Consciousness Hancock’s TED Talk, “The War on Consciousness”, was deliberately removed from YouTube: “Graham Hancock’s talk, again, shares a compelling and unorthodox worldview, but one that strays well beyond the realm of reasonable science.
Chris Anderson, [TED]. Graham Hancockis the author of major international bestsellers, his books have sold more than five million copies worldwide and have been translated into 27 languages. 2. TED also removed the recent talk by author and bio-chemist Rupert Sheldrake. 3. Entrepreneur Rick Hanauer’s presentation is surroundedby controversy because after it was recorded, it was passed over for publication by TED. Credits: Why Don’t You Try This.
Hard problem of consciousness. The existence of a "hard problem" is controversial and has been disputed by some philosophers.[4][5] Providing an answer to this question could lie in understanding the roles that physical processes play in creating consciousness and the extent to which these processes create our subjective qualities of experience.[3] Several questions about consciousness must be resolved in order to acquire a full understanding of it. These questions include, but are not limited to, whether being conscious could be wholly described in physical terms, such as the aggregation of neural processes in the brain. If consciousness cannot be explained exclusively by physical events, it must transcend the capabilities of physical systems and require an explanation of nonphysical means. For philosophers who assert that consciousness is nonphysical in nature, there remains a question about what outside of physical theory is required to explain consciousness.
Formulation of the problem[edit] Easy problems[edit] T.H. Electromagnetic theories of consciousness. The electromagnetic theories of consciousness propose that consciousness can be understood as an electromagnetic phenomenon. Overview[edit] Theorists differ in how they relate consciousness to electromagnetism. Electromagnetic field theories (or "EM field theories") of consciousness propose that consciousness results when a brain produces an electromagnetic field with specific characteristics. Susan Pockett[1] [2]and Johnjoe McFadden[3][4][5] have proposed EM field theories; William Uttal[6] has criticized McFadden's and other field theories. Some electromagnetic theories are also quantum mind theories of consciousness; examples include quantum brain dynamics (QBD) approaches of Mari Jibu and Kunio Yasue[7] and of Giuseppe Vitiello.[8] In general, however, quantum mind theories other than these QBD approaches do not treat consciousness as an electromagnetic phenomenon.
Also related are E. Cemi theory[edit] McFadden thinks that the EM field could influence the brain in a number of ways. Our Conscious Mind Could Be An Electromagnetic Field. Are our thoughts made of the distributed kind of electromagnetic field that permeates space and carries the broadcast signal to the TV or radio. Professor Johnjoe McFadden from the School of Biomedical and Life Sciences at the University of Surrey in the UK believes our conscious mind could be an electromagnetic field. “The theory solves many previously intractable problems of consciousness and could have profound implications for our concepts of mind, free will, spirituality, the design of artificial intelligence, and even life and death,” he said.
Most people consider "mind" to be all the conscious things that we are aware of. But much, if not most, mental activity goes on without awareness. The biggest puzzle in neuroscience is how the brain activity that we're aware of (consciousness) differs from the brain activity driving all of those unconscious actions. When we see an object, signals from our retina travel along nerves as waves of electrically charged ions. 16-May-2002. David Chalmers. David Chalmers. 'Collision Course' in the Science of Consciousness: Grand Theories to Clash at Tucson Conference | Deepak Chopra. Category:Consciousness studies. College of Letters, Arts, & Sciences :: Brain and Creativity Center. MindPapers: Contents. Conscious Entities. JCS, Journal of Consciousness Studies. Center for Consciousness Studies . Tucson . Arizona.
Dmoz Consciousness Studies. Santa Barbara Institute for Consciousness Studies. Archives Italiennes de Biologie. Sebastian Seung: I am my connectome. Connectome. Connectome. Connectomics. Neural correlates of consciousness. A Neuroscientist's Radical Theory of How Networks Become Conscious - Wired Science. Take the Neuron Express for a brief tour of consciousness. Panpsychism. Cosmic consciousness. Peter Russell - The Primacy of Consciousness (Excerpted) [1405.0126] Is Consciousness Computable? Quantifying Integrated Information Using Algorithmic Information Theory.
Hylopathism. Homunculus. Homunculus argument. Cartesian theater. Category:Consciousness researchers and theorists. Soul. Consciousness research and scientific studies on mind, brain, & soul - WIE.org. [1401.1219] Consciousness as a State of Matter. Why Physicists Are Saying Consciousness Is A State Of Matter, Like a Solid, A Liquid Or A Gas — The Physics arXiv Blog. 8-Circuit Model of Consciousness. Vilayanur Ramachandran - à propos de votre esprit. VS Ramachandran: Les neurones qui ont formé la civilisation. Vilayanur S. Ramachandran. The 8-Circuit Model of Consciousness. Consciousness. Level of consciousness (Esotericism)