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Economics-why do we pay for what we don't have

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Theconversation. The Australian government wants to suspend welfare payments to unemployed young people who fail to turn up for mandatory training sessions. The belief is that this will help to tackle persistently high levels of youth unemployment. The rate is around 12% nationally, and up to 28% in some communities. The proposal includes introducing arbitrary waiting times of around a month before young people can receive unemployment benefits, and having the option to suspend payments for those who don’t turn up for back-to-work training. This policy proposal, however, is unhelpful and out of step with the evidence about the nature of contemporary youth unemployment. And if it’s implemented, it’s likely to aggravate the poverty that young unemployed people already experience, with no benefit to themselves or their communities. Economic problem Youth unemployment is not a problem within young people themselves, but is a structural feature of our economy.

Young people most affected Game of snakes and ladders. Yanis Varoufakis | thoughts for the post-2008 world. Hobson's choice. A Hobson's choice is a free choice in which only one thing is offered. Because a person may refuse to accept what is offered, the two options are taking it or taking nothing. In other words, one may "take it or leave it". The phrase is said to have originated with Thomas Hobson (1544–1631), a livery stable owner in Cambridge, England, who offered customers the choice of either taking the horse in his stall nearest to the door or taking none at all. Origins[edit] According to a plaque underneath a painting of Hobson donated to Cambridge Guildhall, Hobson had an extensive stable of some 40 horses.

This gave the appearance to his customers that, upon entry, they would have their choice of mounts, when in fact there was only one: Hobson required his customers to choose the horse in the stall closest to the door. Henry Ford is said to have offered the Ford Model T as a Hobson's choice with the famous dictum: "Any customer can have a car in any color as long as it is black Modern use[edit] Differentiable manifold.

Manifold upon which it is possible to perform calculus In formal terms, a differentiable manifold is a topological manifold with a globally defined differential structure. Any topological manifold can be given a differential structure locally by using the homeomorphisms in its atlas and the standard differential structure on a vector space. To induce a global differential structure on the local coordinate systems induced by the homeomorphisms, their compositions on chart intersections in the atlas must be differentiable functions on the corresponding vector space. In other words, where the domains of charts overlap, the coordinates defined by each chart are required to be differentiable with respect to the coordinates defined by every chart in the atlas.

The maps that relate the coordinates defined by the various charts to one another are called transition maps. Differentiable manifolds are very important in physics. History[edit] Definition[edit] Atlases[edit] denotes and Manifolds[edit] let. Lie group. Keynes “the economic question,” Trekonomics. A Five-Year Mission, Now on Five Decades Star Trek will turn 50 in 2016. In its half-century of existence — on TV, on the big screen, and in the worldwide community of its fans — Star Trek has become an integral part of our everyday lives.

Even casual viewers know the pointed ears, the Vulcan salute, and the meaning of “beam me up, Scotty.” Yet, Star Trek does not owe its enduring popularity and its place in our collective imagination to its aliens or to its technological speculations. What makes it so unique, and so exciting, is its radical optimism about humanity's future as a society: in other words, utopia. In Star Trek, humanity has reached abundance. This state of economic bliss, however, is not without difficulties. Trekonomics takes readers on a journey through Star Trek's fictional society, its mores and values, and its sources of inspiration in classic sci-fi. Read the Introduction Read Chapter One Read Chapter Eight About me Favorite ST:TOS episode: The Ultimate Computer. Monster of the deep and rainbow opal hits museum. By Jonathan Porter Visitors to South Australia from 25 September will have the chance to go back in time 100 million years to a time when dinosaurs roamed Australia, the southern desert was a huge inland sea populated by huge Mesozoic monsters and some of the world’s most wondrous gemstones began being formed.

Opals, a multimillion dollar exhibition by the South Australian Museum will be a once-in-a-lifetime chance to see some of the rarest, most beautiful and spectacular opals ever discovered in Australia. The exhibition’s star attraction is the Virgin Rainbow, described by museum director Brian Oldman as ‘the most wondrous and unique opal yet discovered’. Also on display will be an opalised skeleton of one of the aforementioned monsters – a 6.5m plesiosaur – which died as the inland sea dried up.

The creature – the marine reptile equivalent of a dinosaur – is named the Addyman Plesiosaur, after its finders. Ancient climate change ‘‘I’ve done a lot of cutting and polishing. Advertisement. Sharing economy.