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Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St. Alban , [ a ] Kt. , KC (22 January 1561 – 9 April 1626) was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, and author. He served both as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England.

Francis Bacon

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

The birthplace of Hegel in Stuttgart , which now houses The Hegel Museum

John Locke

John Locke FRS ( pron.: / ˈ l ɒ k / ; 29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704), widely known as the Father of Classical Liberalism , [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] was an English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers. Considered one of the first of the British empiricists , following the tradition of Francis Bacon , he is equally important to social contract theory.

Anthony Clifford Grayling (born 3 April 1949) is an English philosopher. In 2011 he founded and became the first Master of New College of the Humanities , an independent undergraduate college in London. Until June 2011, he was Professor of Philosophy at Birkbeck, University of London , where he taught from 1991.

A. C. Grayling

Bertrand Russell

Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell , OM , FRS [ 1 ] (18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970) was a British philosopher , logician , mathematician , historian , and social critic . [ 2 ] At various points in his life he considered himself a liberal , a socialist , and a pacifist , but he also admitted that he had never been any of these in any profound sense. [ 3 ] He was born in Monmouthshire , into one of the most prominent aristocratic families in Britain. [ 4 ] Russell led the British "revolt against idealism " in the early 20th century. [ 5 ] He is considered one of the founders of analytic philosophy along with his predecessor Gottlob Frege and his protégé Ludwig Wittgenstein . He is widely held to be one of the 20th century's premier logicians. [ 2 ] He co-authored, with A.

Mochus

Mochus ( Greek : Μωχός ) a Phoenician , is listed, along with Zalmoxis and Atlas , by Diogenes Laërtius as a proto-philosopher. [ 1 ] Athenaeus claimed that he authored a work on the history of Phoenicia . [ 2 ] Strabo , on the authority of Posidonius , speaks of one Mochus or Moschus of Sidon as the author of the atomic theory and says that he was more ancient than the Trojan war . [ 3 ] He is also referred to by Josephus , [ 4 ] Tatian , [ 5 ] and Eusebius . [ 6 ]

Karl Wilhelm Friedrich von Schlegel Karl Wilhelm Friedrich (later: von ) Schlegel (10 March 1772 – 12 January 1829) was a German poet , critic and scholar.

Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel

John Stuart Mill , FRSE (20 May 1806 – 8 May 1873) was a British philosopher , political economist and civil servant.

John Stuart Mill

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes

René Descartes

René Descartes ( French: [ʁəne dekaʁt] ; Latinized : Renatus Cartesius ; adjectival form : "Cartesian"; [ 6 ] 31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650) was a French philosopher, mathematician, and writer who spent most of his adult life in the Dutch Republic . He has been dubbed the 'Father of Modern Philosophy', and much subsequent Western philosophy is a response to his writings, [ 7 ] [ 8 ] which are studied closely to this day.

Thomas Hobbes

Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury (5 April 1588 – 4 December 1679), in some older texts Thomas Hobbs of Malmsbury , [ 1 ] was an English philosopher, best known today for his work on political philosophy . His 1651 book Leviathan established the foundation for most of Western political philosophy from the perspective of social contract theory. [ 2 ]

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche ( / ˈ n iː tʃ ə / [ 42 ] or / ˈ n i tʃ i / ; [ 43 ] German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈniːt͡sʃə] ; October 15, 1844 – August 25, 1900) was a German philosopher , poet , composer , cultural critic , and classical philologist . He wrote critical texts on religion, morality, contemporary culture, philosophy, and science, displaying a fondness for metaphor , irony , and aphorism . Nietzsche's key ideas include the " death of God ," the Übermensch , the eternal recurrence , the Apollonian and Dionysian dichotomy, perspectivism , and the will to power .

Friedrich Nietzsche

Karl Marx

Karl Heinrich Marx ( German pronunciation: [kaːɐ̯l ˈhaɪnʀɪç ˈmaːɐ̯ks] , 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a Prussian - German philosopher and revolutionary socialist .

Greeks

Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (26 April 1889 – 29 April 1951) was an Austrian - British philosopher who worked primarily in logic , the philosophy of mathematics , the philosophy of mind , and the philosophy of language . [ 1 ] He was professor in philosophy at the University of Cambridge from 1939 until 1947. [ 2 ] In his lifetime, he published just one book review, one article, a children's dictionary, and the 75-page Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1921). [ 3 ] In 1999, his posthumously published Philosophical Investigations (1953) was ranked as the most important book of 20th-century philosophy by the Baruch Poll, standing out as "...the one crossover masterpiece in twentieth-century philosophy, appealing across diverse specializations and philosophical orientations". [ 4 ] Philosopher Bertrand Russell described him as "the most perfect example I have ever known of genius as traditionally conceived, passionate, profound, intense, and dominating". [ 5 ]