Basics on web technologies
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The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite (often called TCP/IP, although not all protocols use TCP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents of the World Wide Web (WWW) and the infrastructure to support email . Most traditional communications media including telephone , music, film, and television are reshaped or redefined by the Internet, giving birth to new services such as Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and Internet Protocol Television (IPTV).
Internet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
World Wide Web - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The World Wide Web (abbreviated as WWW or W3 , [ 2 ] and commonly known as the Web ) is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet . With a web browser , one can view web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia , and navigate between them via hyperlinks . Using concepts from his earlier hypertext systems like ENQUIRE , British engineer and computer scientist Sir Tim Berners-Lee , now Director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), wrote a proposal in March 1989 for what would eventually become the World Wide Web. [ 1 ] At CERN , a European research organization near Geneva situated on Swiss and French soil, [ 3 ] Berners-Lee and Belgian computer scientist Robert Cailliau proposed in 1990 to use hypertext "... to link and access information of various kinds as a web of nodes in which the user can browse at will", [ 4 ] and they publicly introduced the project in December. [ 5 ]
HyperText Markup Language ( HTML ) is the main markup language for web pages . HTML elements are the basic building-blocks of webpages. HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle brackets (like ), within the web page content. HTML tags most commonly come in pairs like and , although some tags, known as empty elements , are unpaired, for example . The first tag in a pair is the start tag , the second tag is the end tag (they are also called opening tags and closing tags ).
HTML - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
XML - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Extensible Markup Language ( XML ) is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable . It is defined in the XML 1.0 Specification [ 4 ] produced by the W3C , and several other related specifications, [ 5 ] all gratis open standards . [ 6 ] The design goals of XML emphasize simplicity, generality, and usability over the Internet . [ 7 ] It is a textual data format with strong support via Unicode for the languages of the world. Although the design of XML focuses on documents, it is widely used for the representation of arbitrary data structures , for example in web services . Many application programming interfaces (APIs) have been developed for software developers to use to process XML data, and several schema systems exist to aid in the definition of XML-based languages. As of 2009 [update] , hundreds of XML-based languages have been developed, [ 8 ] including RSS , Atom , SOAP , and XHTML .
Application programming interface - Wikipedia, the free encyclop
An application programming interface ( API ) is a source code -based specification intended to be used as an interface by software components to communicate with each other. An API may include specifications for routines , data structures , object classes , and variables. An API specification can take many forms, including an International Standard such as POSIX or vendor documentation such as the Microsoft Windows API , or the libraries of a programming language, e.g. Standard Template Library in C++ or Java API .
Programming language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A programming language is an artificial language designed to communicate instructions to a machine , particularly a computer . Programming languages can be used to create programs that control the behavior of a machine and/or to express algorithms precisely. The earliest programming languages predate the invention of the computer , and were used to direct the behavior of machines such as Jacquard looms and player pianos . Thousands of different programming languages have been created, mainly in the computer field, with many more being created every year. Most programming languages describe computation in an imperative style, i.e., as a sequence of commands, although some languages, such as those that support functional programming or logic programming , use alternative forms of description.
Java (programming language) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ada 83 , C++ , C# , [ 1 ] Eiffel , [ 2 ] Generic Java , Mesa , [ 3 ] Modula-3 , [ 4 ] Oberon , [ 5 ] Objective-C , [ 6 ] UCSD Pascal , [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Smalltalk Java Programming at Wikibooks Java is a programming language originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems (which has since merged into Oracle Corporation ) and released in 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform .
JavaScript - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
JavaScript at Wikibooks JavaScript is a prototype-based scripting language that is dynamic , weakly typed and has first-class functions . It is a multi-paradigm language, supporting object-oriented , [ 5 ] imperative , and functional [ 1 ] [ 6 ] programming styles.
Adobe Flash - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Flash content may be displayed on various computer systems and devices , using Adobe Flash Player , which is available free of charge for common web browsers , some mobile phones, and a few other electronic devices (using Flash Lite ). Some users feel that Flash enriches their web experience, while others find the extensive use of Flash animation, particularly in advertising, intrusive and annoying, giving rise to a cottage industry that specializes in blocking Flash content. Flash has also been criticized for adversely affecting the usability of web pages. [ 2 ]
Object-oriented programming ( OOP ) is a programming paradigm using " objects " – data structures consisting of data fields and methods together with their interactions – to design applications and computer programs. Programming techniques may include features such as data abstraction , encapsulation , messaging , modularity , polymorphism , and inheritance . Many modern programming languages now support OOP, at least as an option. [ edit ] Overview Simple, non-OOP programs may be one "long" list of statements (or commands).
Object-oriented programming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia