Scientific Journal
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Biology
Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms , including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy. [ 1 ] Biology is a vast subject containing many subdivisions, topics, and disciplines. Among the most important topics are five unifying principles that can be said to be the fundamental axioms of modern biology: [ 2 ] Subdisciplines of biology are recognized on the basis of the scale at which organisms are studied and the methods used to study them: biochemistry examines the rudimentary chemistry of life; molecular biology studies the complex interactions of systems of biological molecules; cellular biology examines the basic building block of all life, the cell ; physiology examines the physical and chemical functions of the tissues , organs , and organ systems of an organism; and ecology examines how various organisms interact and associate with their environment. [ 3 ]Cell
Cancer: T cells attack tumors, a fluorescent spray lights up metastases, and a "mosaic" mouse trace the origins of glioma. Job Seekers: View the latest Jobs in Life Science on the all-new Cell Career Network! Employers/Recruiters: Post your vacancies and learn more about our various recruitment advertising solutions. Click here for more information.
Trends in Biotechnology
From Synthetic Biology to Sirtuins March 2012 The March Cell Podcast features Vincent Martin and Tania Bubela . They discuss the very hot topic of synthetic biology, what it means to scientists, and how scientists should consider the public in their work. You'll find their Opinion articles in this month's issue of Trends in Biotechnology . In the March podcast we learn:Trends in Cell Biology
The dynamic transport and sorting of receptor tyrosine kinases into membrane-bound intracellular compartments is crucial for biological responses and becomes dysregulated in cancers. In this issue, Parachoniak and Park (pages 231–240) discuss mechanisms through which dysregulation of trafficking contributes to tumorigenesis and possible therapeutic approaches. This image shows the distribution of the Met receptor (blue) into endosomes labeled with GFP-Rab4 and the recycling adaptor GGA3 (red), following stimulation with ligand in HeLa cells. This image was processed using Photoshop's glowing edges filter. Image courtesy of Christine Parachoniak.
Trends in Ecology & Evolution
February's special issue of TREE highlights the growing field of ecological and evolutionary informatics – the collection, open storage and analysis of large data sets. Such an approach to doing science has become routine in the fields of genetics and genomics and has led to many significant advances. By widening awareness of this approach, TREE hopes to help promote similarly important advances in ecology, evolutionary biology and palaeontology. (The figure shows a Google Earth visualisation of a Hawaiian katydid genus. See Rod Page’s article from the special issue). All content in the special issue is free to download.
Volume 90, Issue 5: May 4, 2012 On the cover: Clarence Paul Oliver, Ph.D., President, American Society of Human Genetics, 1953. This image of Oliver was drawn by Peter James Field from a photograph provided by Oliver’s son Peter Lee Oliver and was used with permission. Known as "Pete," Clarence Paul Oliver was born in 1898 in Tennessee and was raised in Dexter, Missouri.
The American Journal of Human Genetics
Chemistry & Biology
Click here to view webinar This webinar, focused on the intersection between proteomics and cancer research, features three speakers discussing recent advances and challenges in areas ranging from proteomics techniques to cancer proteomics-based biomarker discovery and validation. The speakers also discuss how cancer proteomics in the long run will impact our understanding and exploration of crucial pathways in cancer and fuel the development of new diagnostic tools and treatment strategies. Jae Won Chang, Micah J. Niphakis, Kenneth M. Lum, Armand B.
Immune Response to M. tuberculosis ESX-5 Effectors Pathogen-Induced Translational Inhibition Activates Immune Signaling: McEwan et al. and Dunbar et al. Preview MK2 epithelial cells were infected with Shigella (green) for 3 hr. Time-lapse microscopy shows Shigella -containing pseudopodia extending into neighboring cells. Scale bar, 20 μm. See Fukumatsu et al. for more details.
Host & Microbe
Immunity
On the cover: Glycans cover the surface of all mammalian cells; they are added to protein and lipid backbones during their biosynthesis via a process called glycosylation. Programmed remodeling of cell surface glycans can modulate critical immunological processes, including immune cell activation, differentiation, trafficking, and homeostasis. In this issue of Immunity , Rabinovich and Croci review the mechanisms via which distinct families of glycan-binding proteins, such as galectins, C-type lectins, and siglecs (background), decode the information encrypted by the “immune cell glycome” and translate this information into regulatory circuits that amplify or silence immune responses, notably those related to autoimmunity and cancer.
On the cover: Since its discovery as a second ligand for the colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) receptor (CSF-1R), interleukin-34 (IL-34) has emerged as a partial functional homolog of CSF-1, which is surprising given that IL-34, a secreted factor, and membrane-tethered CSF-1 share meager sequence identity and appear unrelated. To resolve this mystery, Ma et al. (pp. 676–687) characterize structures of human IL-34 alone, in complex with the N-terminal three Ig domains of CSF-1R, and in complex with an anti-IL-34 Fab fragment. The cover illustrates cartoon models of CSF-1R (with extracellular Ig repeats rendered as ovals and colored as dark brown, brown, white, and teal for D1, D2, D3, and D4-D5 modules, respectively; intracellular tyrosine kinase is drawn as rods and colored in light teal) comparatively bound to IL-34 (purple) and CSF-1 (green) homodimers.
Structure
Metabolism
Online Now Cell Metabolism is now publishing papers online in advance of the print version of the journal. Watch this space every Thursday for new articles or updates on the coming issue. Hepatic mTORC2 Activates Glycolysis and Lipogenesis through Akt, Glucokinase, and SREBP1c Asami Hagiwara, Marion Cornu, Nadine Cybulski, Pazit Polak, Charles Betz, Francesca Trapani, Luigi Terracciano, Markus H. Heim, Markus A.Developmental Cell
Weekly Update Developmental Cell is now publishing many papers online in advance of the print version of the journal. Here are this week’s articles that are Online Now.Stem Cell
Armstrong and colleagues target imantinib (Gleevec)-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells through genetic and pharmacological inhibition of ß-catenin. Anne E. Powell, Yang Wang, Yina Li, Emily J. Poulin, Anna L. Means, Mary K.Video Abstract When injured, many freshwater fish release an alarm substance that triggers fear in other members of their shoal. This substance, which is found in skin, is thought to serve as a warning of the presence of predators. The Jesuthasan lab has molecularly characterized the alarm substance— “Schreckstoff”— in zebrafish. Ajay Mathuru and Suresh Jesuthasan describe the experiments that led to the finding that a type of glycan, chondroitin, forms a part of the alarm substance; the work is discussed in a Dispatch by Maderspacher and Stensmyr .
Current Biology
Biophysical Journal
Volume 102, Issue 10: May 16, 2012 Cover picture : Three-dimensional illustration of ESCRT organization ( red and yellow circular structures ) at the intercellular bridge connecting two daughter cells at the end of cell division. The constricted region is about to be severed, resulting in the complete separation between the cells. Microtubules are depicted in purple. See the article by Elia et al. on page 2309.Ressources Neurosciences