Home | OpenCalais. RDF Validator and Converter. Web sémantique, Web de données, Web 3.0, Linked Data... Quelques re... Microdonnée. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Les microdonnées sont une fonctionnalité HTML5 créée afin d'offrir du contenu sémantique dans des documents HTML[1]. Elles peuvent être vues comme une extension de l'idée de microformats qui visent à combler leurs lacunes en évitant la complexité des formats comme RDFa. Support[modifier | modifier le code] Google peut utiliser des micro-données dans ses pages de résultats[2]. Vocabulaires[modifier | modifier le code] Les vocabulaires fournissent la sémantique des éléments utilisés dans les micro-données. Attributs HTML[modifier | modifier le code] itemscope Crée un élément et indique que les descendants de cette balise HTML contiennent des informations à son sujet[1]. itemtype Une URL pointant vers un vocabulaire qui décrit l'élément et ses propriétés. itemid Un identifiant unique pour l'élément. itemprop Indique que la balise contient la valeur de la propriété indiquée.
Itemref Bibliographie[modifier | modifier le code] Microformat. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Un microformat (parfois abrégé sous μF ou uF) est une approche de formatage de données dans des pages WEB[1] qui cherche à rationaliser et standardiser le contenu existant, comme les métadonnées, en utilisant des classes[2] et attributs de balises[3] XHTML et HTML. Cette approche est conçue pour permettre à l'information destinée aux utilisateurs finaux, telle que le carnet d'adresses, les coordonnées géographiques, les événements et autres données ayant une structure constante, d'être traitée automatiquement par les logiciels.
Même si le contenu des pages web était déjà capable techniquement d'être « traité automatiquement » depuis la conception du web, il existait certaines limites. Les balises traditionnelles de marquage étaient en effet utilisées pour afficher l'information sur le Web et non pas pour décrire ce que voulait dire l'information[4]. Historique[modifier | modifier le code] Aperçu technique[modifier | modifier le code]
RDFa. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. RDFa (pour "Resource Description Framework dans des Attributs") est une recommandation du W3C définissant une syntaxe permettant d'ajouter des données structurées dans une page HTML ou n'importe quel document XML. Ainsi formellement décrites, les données peuvent alors faire l'objet de traitements automatisés complexes, via des outils adaptés. Le code RDFa est invisible pour l'internaute et n'affecte pas ce qui est affiché. RDFa a atteint le statut de recommandation 1.0 le et 1.1 le . Principe[modifier | modifier le code] RDFa utilise pour partie la syntaxe HTML existante : l'attribut class - permettant de spécifier le type de l'objetl'attribut id - indirectement, servant à définir l'URI d'un objet dans la pageles attributs rel, rev et href - spécifiant une relation avec une autre ressource RDFa ajoute ses propres éléments, les attributs : Comparaison avec les microformats[modifier | modifier le code] Exemples d'usages[modifier | modifier le code]
Describing Copyright in RDF - Creative Commons Rights Expression Language. The Creative Commons Rights Expression Language (CC REL) lets you describe copyright licenses in RDF. For more information on describing licenses in RDF and attaching those descriptions to digital works, see CC REL in the Creative Commons wiki. Classes Work a potentially copyrightable work License a set of requests/permissions to users of a Work, e.g. a copyright license, the public domain, information for distributors Jurisdiction the legal jurisdiction of a license Permission an action that may or may not be allowed or desired Requirement an action that may or may not be requested of you Prohibition something you may be asked not to do Permissions Reproduction making multiple copies Distribution distribution, public display, and publicly performance Derivative Works distribution of derivative works Sharing permits commercial derivatives, but only non-commercial distribution Requirements Notice copyright and license notices be kept intact Attribution credit be given to copyright holder and/or author Share Alike.
A la découverte du Web sémantique. How to publish Linked Data on the Web. This document provides a tutorial on how to publish Linked Data on the Web. After a general overview of the concept of Linked Data, we describe several practical recipes for publishing information as Linked Data on the Web. This tutorial has been superseeded by the book Linked Data: Evolving the Web into a Global Data Space written by Tom Heath and Christian Bizer. This tutorial was published in 2007 and is still online for historical reasons. The Linked Data book was published in 2011 and provides a more detailed and up-to-date introduction into Linked Data.
The goal of Linked Data is to enable people to share structured data on the Web as easily as they can share documents today. The term Linked Data was coined by Tim Berners-Lee in his Linked Data Web architecture note. Applying both principles leads to the creation of a data commons on the Web, a space where people and organizations can post and consume data about anything. This chapter describes the basic principles of Linked Data. Linked Data Patterns. Web sémantique et modèle de données (data.bnf.fr) The data.bnf.fr project has to be placed in the context of our move towards open data.
This approach has been defined by the W3C, regarding the “semantic web” or “linked data”.Find out more about how semantic web and linked data are used in the BnF. This is about structuring resources in order to make them reusable by machines in a better way. The data.bnf.fr project uses data which have been created in various formats such as Intermarc for the catalogue of printed books, XML-EAD for archives inventories and Dublin Core for the digital library. Such data is automatically gathered, modelled and enriched and are published in the RDF semantic web language. Part of the data is matched with external value vocabularies: id.loc.gov for languages and nationalities, dewey.info for subjects, DCMI type for document types.
Understanding data.bnf.fr data model What the Bibliothèque nationale de France provides How to retrieve data.bnf.fr data o hôte : pef.bnf.fr port : 21 The software used: CubicWeb. CubicWeb Semantic Web Framework. Open GLAM. Linked Data: Evolving the Web into a Global Data Space. Linked Data | Linked Data - Connect Distributed Data across the Web. Corese / KGRAM | wimmics: a research team of inria, cnrs, university nice sophia antipolis. ESWC 2012 | 9th Extended Semantic Web Conference. The Extended Semantic Web Conference 2012 (ESWC 2012) takes place from May 27, 2012 to May 31, 2012 in Heraklion, Crete, Greece. The Extended Semantic Web Conference (ESWC) is a major venue for discussing the latest scientific results and technology innovations around semantic technologies. Building on its past success, ESWC is seeking to broaden its focus to span other relevant research areas in which Web semantics plays an important role.
The goal of the Semantic Web is to create a Web of knowledge and services in which the semantics of content is made explicit and content is linked to both other content and services novel applications allowing to combine content from heterogeneous sites in unforeseen ways and support enhanced matching between users needs and content. This network of knowledge-based functionality will weave together a large network of human knowledge, and make this knowledge machine-processable to support intelligent behaviour by machines. Linked Universities - vocabularies. Course and qualification description MLO - Metadata for Learning Opportunities Metadata for Learning Opportunities (MLO) is a European standardized model addressing metadata sufficient for advertising a learning opportunity.
The MLO standard is also designed to facilitate semantic technologies and web architectures to support several mechanisms for exchange of the information and aggregation of information by third party service suppliers. An RDF-S version of MLO has been developed by Scott Wilson and is currently available at using the namespace See for example the use of MLO in course descriptions at the Open University: XCRI-CAP - XCRI Course Advertising Profile XCRI is UK-oriented project to establish a specification to support the eXchange of Course-Related Information. See for example the use of XCRI in course descriptions at the Open University:
Présentation du projet Datalift | datalift.org. Web sémantique. Logo du W3C pour le Web sémantique Le Web sémantique, ou toile sémantique[1], est une extension du Web standardisée par le World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)[2]. Ces standards encouragent l'utilisation de formats de données et de protocoles d'échange normés sur le Web, en s'appuyant sur le modèle Resource Description Framework (RDF). Le web sémantique est par certains qualifié de web 3.0 . Alors que ses détracteurs ont mis en doute sa faisabilité, ses promoteurs font valoir que les applications réalisées par les chercheurs dans l'industrie, la biologie et les sciences humaines ont déjà prouvé la validité de ce nouveau concept[5]. L'article original de Tim Berners-Lee en 2001 dans le Scientific American a décrit une évolution attendue du Web existant vers un Web sémantique[6], mais cela n'a pas encore eu lieu.
En 2006, Tim Berners-Lee et ses collègues ont déclaré : Cette idée simple… reste largement inexploitée.[7] Histoire[modifier | modifier le code] — Tim Berners-Lee, Weaving the Web[13]
TopicMaps.org - Topic Maps. RDF. SKOS - Semantic Web Standards. Overview SKOS is a common data model for sharing and linking knowledge organization systems via the Web. Many knowledge organization systems, such as thesauri, taxonomies, classification schemes and subject heading systems, share a similar structure, and are used in similar applications. SKOS captures much of this similarity and makes it explicit, to enable data and technology sharing across diverse applications. The SKOS data model provides a standard, low-cost migration path for porting existing knowledge organization systems to the Semantic Web. Recommended Reading The official SKOS documents, published in 2009, include a SKOS Primer.
A number of textbooks have been published on RDF, RDFS, and on Semantic Web in general. This site is a collaborative space open to the entire SKOS community. It replaces replacing the old ESW SkosDev wiki, taking into account that SKOS is now an official W3C standard and has evolved since the SkosDev wiki was started. Your contributions are most welcome! OWL - Semantic Web Standards. Overview The W3C Web Ontology Language (OWL) is a Semantic Web language designed to represent rich and complex knowledge about things, groups of things, and relations between things. OWL is a computational logic-based language such that knowledge expressed in OWL can be exploited by computer programs, e.g., to verify the consistency of that knowledge or to make implicit knowledge explicit. OWL documents, known as ontologies, can be published in the World Wide Web and may refer to or be referred from other OWL ontologies.
OWL is part of the W3C’s Semantic Web technology stack, which includes RDF, RDFS, SPARQL, etc. The current version of OWL, also referred to as “OWL 2”, was developed by the [W3C OWL Working Group] (now closed) and published in 2009, with a Second Edition published in 2012. Recommended Reading These documents are, however, all rather technical and mainly aimed at OWL 2 implementers and tool developers.
Last modified and/or added All relevant tools. Semantic Web. Wolfram|Alpha: Computational Knowledge Engine.