The Analysis of mind, by Bertrand Russell. Ockhams Rasiermesser. Wilhelm von Ockham. Skizze aus einem Summa-logicae-Manuskript von 1341 mit der Inschrift frater Occham iste Ockhams Rasiermesser – auch Prinzip der Parsimonie, lex parsimoniae oder Sparsamkeitsprinzip – ist ein heuristisches Forschungsprinzip aus der Scholastik, das bei der Bildung von erklärenden Hypothesen und Theorien höchstmögliche Sparsamkeit gebietet. Das nach Wilhelm von Ockham (1288–1347) benannte Prinzip findet seine Anwendung in der Wissenschaftstheorie und der wissenschaftlichen Methodik. Vereinfacht ausgedrückt besagt es: Mit der ockhamschen Regel verbunden ist die Forderung, für jeden Untersuchungsgegenstand nur eine einzige hinreichende Erklärung anzuerkennen.
Nach der heutigen wissenschaftlichen Praxis muss diese Erklärung nicht monokausal sein. Der praktische Vorteil dieses Prinzips für die Theoriefindung ist, dass Theorien mit wenigen und einfachen Annahmen leichter falsifizierbar sind als solche mit vielen und komplizierten Annahmen. Allegory of the Cave. Plato realizes that the general run of humankind can think, and speak, etc., without (so far as they acknowledge) any awareness of his realm of Forms. The allegory of the cave is supposed to explain this. In the allegory, Plato likens people untutored in the Theory of Forms to prisoners chained in a cave, unable to turn their heads. All they can see is the wall of the cave. Behind them burns a fire.
Between the fire and the prisoners there is a parapet, along which puppeteers can walk. The puppeteers, who are behind the prisoners, hold up puppets that cast shadows on the wall of the cave. From Great Dialogues of Plato (Warmington and Rouse, eds.) Here are some students’ illustrations of Plato’s Cave Go back to lecture on the Phaedo Go back to lecture on the “One Over Many” Argument Go to next lecture on Criticism of Forms Need a quick review of the Theory of Forms? Return to the PHIL 320 Home Page Copyright © 2006, S.
Seven Blunders of the World. The Seven Social Sins, sometimes called the Seven Blunders of the World, is a list that Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi published in his weekly newspaper Young India on October 22, 1925.[1] Later, he gave this same list to his grandson Arun Gandhi, written on a piece of paper, on their final day together, shortly before his assassination.[2] The seven sins or blunders are: History and influence[edit] Mahatma Gandhi, who published the list in 1925 as a list of "Seven Social Sins" (1940s photo) The list was first published by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi in his weekly newspaper Young India on October 22, 1925.[1] Gandhi wrote that a correspondent who he called a "fair friend" had sent the list: "The... fair friend wants readers of Young India to know, if they do not already, the following seven social sins,"[1] (the list was then provided).
In the decades since its first publication, the list has been widely cited and/or discussed. Easwaran, Eknath (1989). Gomes, Peter J. (2007). See also[edit] Spotting Emotional Manipulation. Mental State Called Flow. A number of sources, most recently ProgrammingOutsideTheCube and the RingerTape page, say that many folk find it takes time to get into a state where work flows. Do you plan to get into flow, does it come upon you more as a kind of inspiration, or is it not necessary for you?
Do you use tactics to improve your team's ability to flow? Which particular events disrupt flow the most, and how do you solve them? For me, flow requires both inspiration and expiration, if that makes sense. I need to get out into green places or seasides to drink in what's around me, and then I can breathe that vitality back into my work. Interesting but difficult to summarize: The mental state that psychologists call "flow", and its impact on your project, are well described in chapter 10 ("brain time versus body time") of PeopleWare. About 20-30 minutes of Zen meditation once or twice per day should be a great help. I find problems draw me into them. Euthyphro dilemma. The dilemma has had a major effect on the philosophical theism of the monotheistic religions, but in a modified form: "Is what is morally good commanded by God because it is morally good, or is it morally good because it is commanded by God?
" Ever since Plato's original discussion, this question has presented a problem for some theists, though others have thought it a false dilemma, and it continues to be an object of theological and philosophical discussion today. The dilemma[edit] Socrates and Euthyphro discuss the nature of piety in Plato's Euthyphro. Euthyphro proposes (6e) that the pious (τὸ ὅσιον) is the same thing as that which is loved by the gods (τὸ θεοφιλές), but Socrates finds a problem with this proposal: the gods may disagree among themselves (7e). At this point the dilemma surfaces. In philosophical theism[edit] Explanation of the dilemma[edit] The first horn[edit] Problems[edit] The second horn[edit] Problems[edit] This horn of the dilemma also faces several problems:
Axioms. Contents Contents | rgb Home | Philosophy Home | Axioms | Other Books by rgb: | The Book of Lilith | Axioms is a work that explores the true nature of human knowledge, in particular the fundamental nature of deductive and inductive reasoning. It begins by embracing Hume's Skepticism and Descartes' one ``certain'' thing, and then looking for a way out of the solipsistic hell this leaves one in in terms of ``certain'' knowledge.
Indeed, to the extent that philosophy in the past has sought to provide certain answers to virtually any question at all, philosophy itself proves to be bullshit - all philosophical arguments ultimately come back to at least one unprovable premise, usually unstated, and can be refuted by simply asserting ``I don't agree with your premises.'' The way out is to give up the idea of certain knowledge. All non-immediate knowledge of the world is based on these premises, which are unprovable assumptions, or axioms.
Axioms by Robert G. Dedication Notice Copyright Notice. Psychopathic Traits Linked to Brain Reward System - NIH Research Matters. March 29, 2010 People who scored high on a test that measures impulsive and antisocial traits had exaggerated brain responses to certain “rewards,” like winning money or taking stimulant drugs. The new study provides evidence that a dysfunctional brain reward system may underlie vulnerability to a personality disorder known as psychopathy. Impulsive and antisocial personality traits correlate with amphetamine-induced dopamine release (red and yellow) in the brain. Image by Buckholtz et al. Psychopathy is characterized by a combination of superficial charm, manipulative and antisocial behavior, impulsivity, blunted empathy and shallow emotional experiences.
Psychopathy is a reliable predictor of criminal behavior and repeat offenders. Research also suggests that psychopathic people are at increased risk for substance abuse. Many studies of psychopathy have focused on the emotional and interpersonal aspects of the disorder, like lack of fear and empathy. Squashed Philosophers Abridged Editions - Home Page. Changing minds and persuasion -- How we change what others think, believe, feel and do. Psychological ("personality") Types. Psychological ("personality") Types According to Jung's theory of Psychological Types we are all different in fundamental ways. One's ability to process different information is limited by their particular type.
These types are sixteen. People can be either Extroverts or Introverts, depending on the direction of their activity ; Thinking, Feeling, Sensing, Intuitive, according to their own information pathways; Judging or Perceiving, depending on the method in which they process received information. Extroverts vs. Introverts Extroverts are directed towards the objective world whereas Introverts are directed towards the subjective world. Sensing vs. Sensing is an ability to deal with information on the basis of its physical qualities and its affection by other information. Thinking vs. Thinking is an ability to deal with information on the basis of its structure and its function. Perceiving vs.
Perceiving types are motivated into activity by the changes in a situation. ENTp , ISFp , ESFj. Color Psychology. By David Johnson Like death and taxes, there is no escaping color. It is ubiquitous. Yet what does it all mean? Why are people more relaxed in green rooms? Colors often have different meanings in various cultures. Black Black is the color of authority and power. White Brides wear white to symbolize innocence and purity. Red The most emotionally intense color, red stimulates a faster heartbeat and breathing. The most romantic color, pink, is more tranquilizing. Blue The color of the sky and the ocean, blue is one of the most popular colors. Green Currently the most popular decorating color, green symbolizes nature.
Yellow Cheerful sunny yellow is an attention getter. Purple The color of royalty, purple connotes luxury, wealth, and sophistication. Brown Solid, reliable brown is the color of earth and is abundant in nature. Colors of the Flag In the U.S. flag, white stands for purity and innocence. Food for Thought While blue is one of the most popular colors it is one of the least appetizing. Lucid Dream Guru - Master the Art of Lucid Dreaming. How to Detect Lies - body language, reactions, speech patterns. Interesting Info -> Lying Index -> How to Detect Lies Become a Human Lie Detector (Part 1) Warning: sometimes ignorance is bliss. After gaining this knowledge, you may be hurt when it is obvious that someone is lying to you. The following deception detection techniques are used by police, forensic psychologists, security experts and other investigators.
Introduction to Detecting Lies: This knowledge is also useful for managers, employers, and for anyone to use in everyday situations where telling the truth from a lie can help prevent you from being a victim of fraud/scams and other deceptions. This is just a basic run down of physical (body language) gestures and verbal cues that may indicate someone is being untruthful. If you got here from somewhere else, be sure to check out our Lie Detection index page for more info including new research in the field of forensic psychology. Signs of Deception: Body Language of Lies: • A person who is lying to you will avoid making eye contact. Bored?