10 Incredible Architectural Wonders of The Ancient World. The science and art of designing and constructing buildings and other physical structures has been of man’s interest since his very beginning. Architectural works have cultural rooting and symbolize the thinking of the society. When we look at the constructions of old days, we see wonders built by men with no technology. These wonders built after dedicated efforts of decades stand as a symbol of admiration and amazement. I have listed out a few of them. 10. Coral Castle, Florida, America Source Source Source Source Source Source Coral Castle was designed and built by Edward Leedskalnin, a 5 Feet tall man, weighing 100 pounds and suffering from tuberculosis. 9.
The Great Wall of China, China Source Source The Great Wall of China is the largest construction ever built by man. 8. Taj Mahal, Agra, India Source Taj Mahal described as “A tear drop on the cheek of time” by Rabindranath Tagore is a finest example of Turkish, Persian and Mughal architecture. 7. 6. Great Pyramid of Giza, Egypt Source. Uru people. Uros island view Los Uros island Uro man pulling boat made of reeds The Uros (Uru: Qhas Qut suñi) are a pre-Incan people who live on forty-two self-fashioned floating islands in Lake Titicaca Puno, Peru and Bolivia. They form three main groups: Uru-Chipayas, Uru-Muratos and the Uru-Iruitos. The latter are still located on the Bolivian side of Lake Titicaca and Desaguadero River. History[edit] The Uros descend from a millennial town that, according to legends, are "pukinas" who speak Uro or Pukina and that believe they are the owners of the lake and water. The purpose of the island settlements was originally defensive, and if a threat arose they could be moved.
The Uros traded with the Aymara tribe on the mainland, intermarrying with them and eventually abandoning the Uro language for that of the Aymara. Reed island construction[edit] The larger islands house about ten families, while smaller ones, only about thirty meters wide, house only two or three.[4] Traditional lifestyle[edit] Lost Civilizations: Atlantis: Timaeus and Critias. [ Introduction || The Dialogues || Cast of Characters ] Timaeus and Critias, two of Plato's dialogues, are the only existing written records which specifically refer to Atlantis. The dialogues are conversations between Socrates, Hermocrates, Timeaus, and Critias.
Apparently in response to a prior talk by Socrates about ideal societies, Timeaus and Critias agree to entertain Socrates with a tale that is "not a fiction but a true story. " The story is about the conflict between the ancient Athenians and the Atlantians 9000 years before Plato's time. The dialogues that follow were written by Plato some time around 360 BC and are English translations by Benjamin Jowett: Note: The pages and paragraphs of the dialogues are a convenience created by myself. Serves only as a brief introduction to Atlantis, a preface. Goto Page: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 Critias Goto Page: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 Those who actually take part in the dialogues: Iron pillar of Delhi. The iron pillar of Delhi The Iron Pillar located in Delhi, India, is a 7 m (23 ft) column in the Qutb complex, notable for the rust-resistant composition of the metals used in its construction. The pillar has attracted the attention of archaeologists and metallurgists and has been called "a testament to the skill of ancient Indian blacksmiths" because of its high resistance to corrosion.[1] The corrosion resistance results from an even layer of crystalline iron hydrogen phosphate forming on the high phosphorus content iron, which serves to protect it from the effects of the local Delhi climate.[2] Description The Iron pillar stands within the courtyard of Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque Text and translation of the inscription in English at the site The height of the pillar, from the top of its capital to the bottom of its base, is 7.21 m (23.7 ft), 1.12 m (3 ft 8 in) of which is below ground.
A fence was erected around the pillar in 1997 in response to damage caused by visitors. Original location R. The Floating Islands of Lake Titicaca. To visitors to Lake Titicaca, a boat trip to the floating islands, a unique tourist destination, is a must. These islands are made and re-made from the totora reeds which provide home, sustenance and transportation for their residents. About a two hour boat ride from Puno, on the Peruvian side of the lake, the largest of about 40 islands and the main destination is the ialand of Santa María. See map showing location of Uros islands and Taquile island off Puno, Peru. These floating islands are the home of the Uros tribe, one which pre-dates the Incan civilization. According to their legends, they existed before the sun, when the earth was still dark and cold. They were impervious to drowining or being struck by lightning.
The totora is a cattail type rush growing native in the lake. The islands are part of the Titicaca National Reserve, created in 1978 to preserve 37 thousand hectares of marsh reeds in the south and north sectors of Lake Titicaca. Buen viaje! Perihelion. 1. Planet at aphelion 2. Planet at perihelion 3. Sun The perihelion is the point in the orbit of a planet, asteroid or comet where it is nearest to the sun. It is the opposite of aphelion, which is when the orbit of the object is farthest from the sun. The word perihelion stems from the Greek words "peri," meaning near, and "Helios," meaning the Greek god of the sun. (The similar word, perigee, refers to the nearest point in some object's orbit of earth.) All planets, comets and asteroids in our solar system have approximately elliptical (a kind of non-circular) orbits (any single revolution of a body around the sun is only approximately elliptical, because the phenomenon known as precession of the perihelion prevents the orbit from being a simple closed curve such as an ellipse).
Earth comes closest to the sun every year around January 3. When Earth is closest to the sun, it is winter in the northern hemisphere and summer in the southern hemisphere. Gobekli Tepe: The World’s First Temple? Wari culture. Huari earthenware pot with painted design, 650-800 CE (Middle Horizon) Wari Tunic, Peru, 750-950 CE. This tunic is made of 120 separate small pieces of cloth, each individually tie-dyed. Ceramics of the period depict high-status men wearing this style of tunic. Monoliths Wari Wari funeral bundle Pikillaqta administrative center, built by the Wari civilization in Cusco The Wari (Spanish: Huari) were a Middle Horizon civilization that flourished in the south-central Andes and coastal area of modern-day Peru, from about AD 500 to 1000.[1] (The Wari culture is not to be confused with the modern ethnic group and language known as Wari', with which it has no known link.)
Wari, as the former capital city was called, is located 11 km (6.8 mi) north-east of the modern city of Ayacucho, Peru. Little is known about the details of the Wari administrative structure, as they did not appear to use a form of written record. See also[edit] References[edit] Additional reading[edit] Collier, Simon et al. Tiwanaku. Coordinates: 16°33′17″S 68°40′24″W / 16.55472°S 68.67333°W / -16.55472; -68.67333 Tiwanaku (Spanish: ''Tiahuanaco and Tiahuanacu'') is a Pre-Columbian archaeological site in western Bolivia, South America. It is the capital of an empire that extended into present-day Peru and Chile, flourishing from AD 300 to AD 1000. Tiwanaku is recognized by Andean scholars as one of the most important civilizations prior to the Inca Empire; it was the ritual and administrative capital of a major state power for approximately five hundred years.
The ruins of the ancient city state are near the south-eastern shore of Lake Titicaca in the La Paz Department, Ingavi Province, Tiwanaku Municipality, about 72 km (45 mi) west of La Paz. The site was first recorded in written history by Spanish conquistador Pedro Cieza de León. Cultural development and agriculture[edit] Artificially raised planting mounds are separated by shallow canals filled with water. Rise and fall of Tiwanaku[edit] Religion[edit] Jul09wallpaper-8_1280.jpg (1280×960) Huascar, Inca Emperor 1527-1532. Huáscar (circa 1502-1532) was ruler of the Inca Empire for a brief time after the death of his father Huayna Capac sometime between 1525 and 1527. When his father died, Huáscar was in command of the capital city of Cuzco and therefore most of the Inca Empire.
Huáscar’s name has several different spellings, including Waskar and Waskhar. Young Huáscar soon became embroiled in a brutal civil war with his half-brother Atahualpa, who was in command of the northern city of Quito (the second largest in the Empire). More importantly, Atahualpa had the loyalty of the formidable army and its three main generals, Chalcuchima, Rumiñahui and Quisquis. Huáscar raised an army and went after Atahualpa in Quito, but he was repelled in a series of battles.
As Huáscar was never seen alive by any Spanish, little is known about his personal life and personality. Legacy of Huáscar In many ways, Huáscar is emblematic of the miserable bad luck that allowed the Inca Empire to be overcome by the Spanish. Sources: Web Store do Chrome - pearltrees. History of Lake Titicaca - Lonely Planet Travel Information. When you first glimpse Lake Titicaca’s crystalline, gemlike waters, beneath the looming backdrop of the Cordillera Real in the clear Altiplano light, you’ll understand why pre-Inca people connected it with mystical events.
Those early inhabitants of the Altiplano believed that both the sun itself and their bearded, white god-king, Viracocha, had risen out of its mysterious depths. The Incas, in turn, believed that it was the birthplace of their civilization. When the Spanish arrived in the mid-16th century, legends of treasure began to surface, including the tale that some Incas had flung their gold into the lake to prevent the Spanish carting it off. Distinct fluctuations in the water level of the lake have led treasure hunters to speculate that the ruins of ancient cities might lie beneath its surface. From year to year, changes in the water level of Lake Titicaca are not uncommon; previous fluctuations may even have inundated settlements and ruins. Eshnunna. Coordinates: 33°29′3″N 44°43′42″E / 33.48417°N 44.72833°E / 33.48417; 44.72833 Eshnunna (modern Tell Asmar in Diyala Province, Iraq) was an ancient Sumerian (and later Akkadian) city and city-state in central Mesopotamia.
Although situated in the Diyala Valley north-east of Sumer proper, the city nonetheless belonged securely within the Sumerian cultural milieu. The tutelary deity of the city was Tishpak (Tišpak). History[edit] Occupied from the Jemdet Nasr period about 3000 BC, Eshnunna was a major city during the Early Dynastic period. Starting with the rise of the Akkadian Empire, Eshnunna oscillated between times of independence and domination by empires such as the Third Dynasty of Ur and Isin. Archaeology[edit] Despite the long passage of time since the excavations at Tell Asmar, the work of examining and publishing the remaining finds from that dig continues to this day. In the late 1990s, Iraqi archaeologists worked at Tell Asmar. Laws of Eshnunna[edit] Square Temple of Abu[edit] Underwater Temple of Lake Titicaca. Scholars have long been intrigued by tales of ancient palaces seen by fishermen during dry spells when the lake level dropped, or of local Indians diving down and touching the roofs of stone buildings.
Even early Spanish chroniclers recorded Inca stories of a great flood long ago and ruins on the lake bottom. Stories of the lost treasure were enough to draw the famous French oceanographer Jacques Cousteau to explore the lake. However, he discovered only ancient pottery. In 1967, a scientific expedition authorized by the Bolivian government began exploring the depths of Lake Titicaca.
Another expedition in the year 2000 located and documented a 660-foot (200-m) by 160-foot (50-m) temple after following a submerged road, almost twice the size of an average football pitch in an area of the lake near Copacabana town. "They have been attributed to the indigenous Tiwanaku or Tiahuanaco people", said Lorenzo Epis, the Italian scientist leading the Atahuallpa 2000 scientific expedition.
Black Mountain (Kalkajaka) National Park. Black Mountain (Kalkajaka) National Park is a 781 hectare [1]protected area in the Queensland, (Australia), 25 km south west of Cooktown. It is managed and protected as a national park under the Nature Conservation Act 1992. The main feature of the park is the mass of granite boulders, some the size of houses. The absence of soil between the boulders and rocks create a maze of gaps and passages, which can be used to penetrate inside the mountain.[2] These rocks can become extremely hot.
The area has a bad reputation as numerous people and those searching for the missing have disappeared without trace. The Mulligan Highway marks the western border of the park. The national park's distinctive hard granite boulders and range originally formed out of magma that first slowly solidified under the Earth's crust about 250 million years ago.[3] There are at least four sites of religious or mythological significance on the mountain. Camping is not permitted in the park. Coordinates: Lake Titicaca Underwater Ruins. Sodom and Gomorrah. Updated -- 15 February 2005 (and 6 June 2005) The absolute destruction and total obliteration of two cities to the point where there is minimal evidence that they ever existed, is a singular point in the story of Genesis. Much is made of the alleged decadence of these two cities (but in comparison to New York or Los Angeles... who knows?).
All of it does seem to be a bit overwrought. It is, unless one is attempting to justify the wholesale destruction of two or more cities, complete with their complement of human inhabitants (accept for Lot and his daughters who managed to escape the alleged wrath of God). Modern history revisionists have even used the Sodom example to name the act of sodomy (sexual intercourse involving anal or oral copulation) as a means of identifying the latter as the most heinous of crimes. In the context of history, however, Sodom and Gomorrah, were not wholly different from Minneapolis and St. Lot was told to clear out of Sodom in no uncertain terms. Forward to: Cappadocia. Cappadocia (/kæpəˈdoʊʃə/; also Capadocia; Turkish Kapadokya, from Greek: Καππαδοκία Kappadokía, from Ancient Greek: Καππαδοκία, from Old Persian: 𐎣𐎫𐎱𐎬𐎢𐎣 Katpatuka) is a historical region in Central Anatolia, largely in Nevşehir Province, in Turkey.
In the time of Herodotus, the Cappadocians were reported as occupying the whole region from Mount Taurus to the vicinity of the Euxine (Black Sea). Cappadocia, in this sense, was bounded in the south by the chain of the Taurus Mountains that separate it from Cilicia, to the east by the upper Euphrates and the Armenian Highland, to the north by Pontus, and to the west by Lycaonia and eastern Galatia.[1] The name was traditionally used in Christian sources throughout history and is still widely used as an international tourism concept to define a region of exceptional natural wonders, in particular characterized by fairy chimneys and a unique historical and cultural heritage.
Etymology[edit] Geography and climate[edit] Mt. History[edit] Chachapoya culture. Statue of Decebalus. Ancient Alien Theory and Gobekli Tepe. Ashurbanipal Library Phase 1. Lascaux. Category:Sumer. Portal:Ancient Near East. Etemenanki. Babylon. List of Mesoamerican pyramids. Nuremberg Germany UFO Battle (1561) Acre, Israel. Petra. Olduvai Gorge (archaeological site, Tanzania.
Ziggurat of Ur. Mahabalipuram. Sumerianlegacy. Category:Ancient cities. Buddhas of Bamiyan. Church of Saint George, Lalibela. Awning at the Colosseum. Olduvai Gorge. Atlantis or Someone Else? A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries: Leakey family discovers human ancestors. Untitled. Cueva de los Tayos. The Behistun Inscription. Lost Civilizations: Atlantis: Vital Statistics. Atlantis - The Lost Continent Finally Found. Tahtzibichen Labyrinth Ancient Temple. Göbekli Tepe. Sigiriya. Hattusa. Derinkuyu Underground City. Popol Vuh (The Mayan Bible) Turkey and India: Fathers of Civilization. Mada'in Saleh. Anunnaki. Black Mountain, Australia. List of colossal sculpture in situ. List of largest monoliths in the world. 31 Architectural Wonders of the Ancient World. Top 10 Civilizations That Mysteriously Disappeared. Lake Titicaca. Shinar.