Mauro Grisi
Wicca. Make a Set of Ogham Staves - How to Make Ogham Staves. Ogham staves are a popular method of divination among Pagans who follow a Celtic-focused path. Although there are no records of how staves might have been used in divination in ancient times, there are a number of ways that they can be interpreted. There are 20 original letters in the Ogham alphabet, and five more that were added later on.
Each corresponds to a letter or sound, as well as a tree or wood. In addition, each of these symbols has come to be associated with various meanings and elements of the human experience. To make your own set of Ogham staves, start with sticks or twigs in even lengths. Gardnerian Book of Shadows Index. Sacred Texts Neopaganism Contents Start Reading This is the text of the Gardnerian Book of Shadows. In one sense, this is the central sacred text of the Wicca religion.
However, it is important to point out that there is no 'official' Book of Shadows. The Book of Shadows was attributed by Gardner to an ancient, clandestine witch cult, which he claimed to have been initiated into. The copyright status of this text can best be described as 'orphaned.' Moon Phases - Witchcraft and Wicca.
Moon Phase Magic. Witches' Voice Inc. - 12 January, 2010 - 9:51:48 PM. Internet Book of Shadows Index. This is a large (+9Mb) collection of articles related to Neo-Paganism which can be found archived at a number of FTP sites (for instance, here). This is a collection of posts to bulletin boards from the late eighties to the mid nineties, essentially predating the modern Internet. According to a recent communication, the original editor of this archive was Durwydd mac Tara at PODS net. We acknowledge Durwydd's hard work to preserve this archive.
For ease of access, we have converted this archive to HTML using a C program. There are a number of technical difficulties with this collection including runtogetherwords in many places, problems with the table of contents and huge inconsistencies in pagination; due to the volume of this material we have left these intact for now. We have taken the liberty of removing about twenty-five articles which were too far 'off topic', posted elsewhere at this site, or had serious copyright issues.
Love Spells, Witchcraft, Witchcraft spells, Wiccan spells. Book of Shadows. Spell to Bring You What You Need - Free Spells. Fallen Angel Names: Names of Fallen Angels. The following list is of traditional fallen angel names gathered from different religions, mythologies and lore. These angel names are of those angels considered to be of a bad nature and not names of good angels. Fallen angel names find their roots within ancient cultures, such as Babylon, Assyria, and Egypt, as well as within Jewish, Christian and Muslim lore. Over thousands of years, angel names have evolved in spelling, meaning and use within religions, mysticism and magic, where the name of an angel is thought important in order to invoke angelic help.
Some rituals are said to invoke good angels, while other rituals are performed to attempt to invoke fallen angels. Many good angel names include a suffix word meaning of God (-el), or yah, which means Lord. This way, angel names portray the importance of the angel's connection with the divine. Both the good and fallen names of angels are traditionally and superstitiously believed to be powerful by some people. Berith - fallen angel... BIOLOGI. The Shape of Life. Cell Models. For life all cells have basic needs. Cells have diverged in their structure and function to accommodate these survival requirements. Here are some KEY TERMS to help you think, explore and search for similarities and significant differences that have become the characteristics of eukaryote (animal, plant) and prokaryotic (bacteria) cells.
Examples might be searching: eukaryote prokaryote reproduction or animal plant cell energy. Reproduction / cell division Energy trapping, storage and consumption Form / shape / structure Cell specialization Compartmentalization of cell functions Communication within and beyond the cell Cell / organism survival. Biology Animations. Evolution. Genetics Animations. Charles Darwin. Evolution. De tidigaste organismerna var encelliga och levde för tre och en halv miljarder år sedan. Alla organismer har genomgått en evolution och skillnaderna mellan dem beror på gradvisa anpassningar till olika livsmiljöer.
Evolutionära förändringar har oftast lett till mer komplexa former men ibland har organismer förenklats, till exempel parasiter. Med evolutionsteorin kunde Charles Darwin förklara hur olika arter av växter och djur har förändrats och utvecklats sedan livet började på jorden. Av allt liv som funnits har 99,9% dött ut. Av nu levande flercelliga arter har nästan två miljoner hittills beskrivits. Fem frågor om evolution 1. Nej. Individer ”strävar” inte medvetet att bli perfekt anpassade till sin miljö. 2.
Nej, den gynnar de egenskaper som leder till flest avkommor. Liten - om miljön är trångsnabb - för att komma undan rovdjurklara hög temperatur - om man lever i tropikerna Det avgörande är samspelet mellan egenskaperna och miljön och om det leder till stor eller liten fortplantning. Charles Darwin | Allt om Historia. Under en världsomsegling insåg Charles Darwin hur livet på jorden hade utvecklats. Hans teori om evolutionen var lika enkel som genial, men kastade samtidigt Bibelns skapelseberättelse över ända och mötte hårt motstånd.
Text: Anna Larsdotter I augusti 1831 fick Charles Darwin ett brev som skulle förändra hans liv. Avsändare var hans vän John Stevens Henslow, professor i botanik i Cambridge. Av Henslow hade Darwin lärt sig massor om sitt stora intresse: djur och växter. Fast han befann sig i Cambridge för att läsa teologi tillbringade Charles Darwin betydligt mer tid ute i naturen än i studiekammaren. I brevet frågade Henslow om Darwin ville följa med på en forskningsseglats runt jorden. Så gav sig Charles Robert Darwin den 27 december 1831 av på sitt livs resa. Darwin växte upp med en äldre bror och fyra systrar.
Charles Darwin var inte av riktigt samma skrot och korn som sin far och farfar. Han hade lärt sig att stoppa upp djur och byggt upp en imponerande samling skalbaggar. Charles Darwin. Universe. Multiverse. Eternal return. Eternal return (also known as "eternal recurrence") is a concept that the universe has been recurring, and will continue to recur, in a self-similar form an infinite number of times across infinite time or space. The concept is found in Indian philosophy and in ancient Egypt and was subsequently taken up by the Pythagoreans and Stoics. With the decline of antiquity and the spread of Christianity, the concept fell into disuse in the Western world, with the exception of Friedrich Nietzsche, who connected the thought to many of his other concepts, including amor fati.
In addition, the philosophical concept of eternal recurrence was addressed by Arthur Schopenhauer. It is a purely physical concept, involving no supernatural reincarnation, but the return of beings in the same bodies. Time is viewed as being not linear but cyclical. Premise[edit] The oscillatory universe model in physics could be provided as an example of how the universe cycles through the same events infinitely. Judaism[edit] Cyclic model. A cyclic model (or oscillating model) is any of several cosmological models in which the universe follows infinite, or indefinite, self-sustaining cycles.
For example, the oscillating universe theory briefly considered by Albert Einstein in 1930 theorized a universe following an eternal series of oscillations, each beginning with a big bang and ending with a big crunch; in the interim, the universe would expand for a period of time before the gravitational attraction of matter causes it to collapse back in and undergo a bounce. Overview[edit] In the 1920s, theoretical physicists, most notably Albert Einstein, considered the possibility of a cyclic model for the universe as an (everlasting) alternative to the model of an expanding universe.
However, work by Richard C. Tolman in 1934 showed that these early attempts failed because of the cyclic problem: according to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, entropy can only increase.[1] This implies that successive cycles grow longer and larger. Dyson's eternal intelligence. The intelligent beings would begin by storing a finite amount of energy. They then use half (or any fraction) of this energy to power their thought. When the energy gradient created by unleashing this fraction of the stored fuel was exhausted, the beings would enter a state of zero-energy-consumption until the universe cooled.
Once the universe had cooled sufficiently, half of the remaining half (one quarter of the original energy) of the intelligent beings' fuel reserves would once again be released, powering a brief period of thought once more. This would continue, with smaller and smaller amounts of energy being released. Two recent observations have presented problems for Dyson's scenario. However, even if intelligence cannot continue its own survival indefinitely in an ever-expanding Universe, it may be able to create a `baby universe' via a wormhole in spacetime, add some DNA[original research?] See also[edit] References[edit] DNA from the Beginning - An animated primer of 75 experiments that made modern genetics.
Multiverse (religion) In religion a multiverse is the concept of a plurality of universes. Some religious cosmologies propose that the cosmos is not the only one that exists. The concept of infinite worlds is mentioned in the Apannaka Jataka: "Disciples," the Buddha said "nowhere between the lowest of hells below and the highest heaven above, nowhere in all the infinite worlds that stretch right and left, is there the equal, much less the superior, of a Buddha. Incalculable is the excellence which springs from obeying the Precepts and from other virtuous conduct. " - Apannaka Jataka The concept of multiple universes is mentioned many times in Hindu Puranic literature, such as in the Bhagavata Purana: Every universe is covered by seven layers — earth, water, fire, air, sky, the total energy and false ego — each ten times greater than the previous one.
The number of universes seems to be uncountable according to the Puranic literature: Analogies to describe multiple universes also exist in the Puranic literature: Hindu cosmology. In Hindu cosmology the universe is cyclically created and destroyed. The Hindu literature, such as Vedas, Puranas, cites the creation of universe. They describe the aspects of evolution, astronomy, etc. Description[edit] The Hindu cosmology and timeline is the closest to modern scientific timelines[1] and even more which might indicate that the Big Bang is not the beginning of everything,[2] but just the start of the present cycle preceded by an infinite number of universes and to be followed by another infinite number of universes.[3] The Rig Veda questions the origin of the cosmos in: "Neither being (sat) nor non-being was as yet.
Large scale structure of the Universe according to one Hindu cosmology. Map 2: Intermediate neighbourhood of the Earth according to one Hindu cosmology. Map 3: Local neighbourhood of the Earth according to one Hindu cosmology. Overview of Yugas: Further elaborations from the Vedic texts[edit] Rig Veda[edit] The Puranas[edit] Multiverse in Hinduism[edit] See also[edit] Hindu cycle of the universe. See also Hindu units of measurement. This is similar to the Cyclical Universe Theory in physical cosmology. The Big Bang is described as the birth of the universe (Brahma), the life of the universe then follows (Vishnu), and the Big Crunch would be described as the destruction of the universe (Shiva). In a number of stories from the Puranas the continual creation and destruction of the universe is equated to the outwards and inwards breaths of the gigantic cosmic Maha Vishnu.
Hindu thesis of creation[edit] Initially everything was unmanifested and was one without a second . In vishnu purana ,It is stated that the purusha(GOD) manifests himself into three forms to maintain the material realm or the manifested realm . Karnodakasayi Vishnu expands himself as Garbhodakasayivisnu and enters into each universe and from Garbhodakasayivisnu originates bhrama from the naval . Hindu viewpoint of modern cosmology[edit] Even string theory finds a place in the Hindu texts. The end of the universe[edit] Buddhist cosmology. Buddhist cosmology is the description of the shape and evolution of the Universe according to the Buddhist scriptures and commentaries. Introduction[edit] The self-consistent Buddhist cosmology which is presented in commentaries and works of Abhidharma in both Theravāda (31 planes, Sakwala Vibhanga) and Mahāyāna traditions, is the end-product of an analysis and reconciliation of cosmological comments found in the Buddhist sūtra and vinaya traditions.
No single sūtra sets out the entire structure of the universe. Kalpa Vibhangaya However, in several sūtras the Buddha describes other worlds and states of being, and other sūtras describe the origin and destruction of the universe. Buddhist cosmology can be divided into two related kinds: spatial cosmology, which describes the arrangement of the various worlds within the universe, and temporal cosmology, which describes how those worlds come into existence, and how they pass away. Spatial cosmology[edit] Vertical cosmology[edit] The All. The universe understood in relation to the All[edit] The following is commentary on possibilities about The All but not anything necessarily accepted by Hermeticists in general. According to The Kybalion, The All is a bit more complicated than simply being the sum total of the universe.
Rather than The All being simply the physical universe, it is more correct to say that everything in the universe is within the mind of The All, since the ALL can be looked at as Mind itself.[3] In effect, the universe is partially existent on the Mental plane, and we may in fact all be parts of The All's psychological makeup, representing parts of The All in its dream or meditation. The Three Initiates (see The Kybalion) strongly caution that we restrain from simply declaring "I am God" for oversimplification purposes.
Though you are a part of The All, you are but one small piece of that puzzle. You cannot be equated with God any more than your toenail can be equated with you. [edit] Nous[edit] Notes[edit] Multiverse. Metaverse. Ergodic hypothesis. Membrane (M-theory) Eternal inflation. Omniverse. Ekpyrotic universe. Philosophy of space and time. Modal realism. Shape of the Universe. Fine-tuned Universe. Ultimate fate of the universe. Cosmological principle. List of paradoxes. Infinity. Ultrafinitism. Infinity (philosophy) Green Science/Ecology. Science. Nikola Tesla: Calling All Freethinkers, Part Three. Cosmos: A Three-Movement Choral Suite [Carl Sagan Tribute Series] Scientists use brain imaging to reveal the movies in our mind.
TED talks. The helical model - our solar system is a vortex. Search for extraterrestrial intelligence. Space colonization. Terraforming Mars. Terraforming the Solar System. Evidence for Water Ice at Mercury's Poles. Terraforming Earth. Terraforming The Moon. SETI Institute. SETI Search Reveals No Alien Signals from Exoplanets. Future evidence for extraterrestrial life might come from dying stars. Hunt for alien spacecraft begins, as planet-spotting scientist Geoff Marcy gets funding.
Purple bacteria on Earth could survive alien light. Search for life suggests solar systems more habitable than ours. Search for extraterrestrial intelligence. Silence in the sky—but why? Amino Acids and DNA Ingredients found in Space. Self-replicating alien space probes could already be in our solar system, say mathematicians - Science - News. Chemistry. Who, What, Why: Is the Earth getting lighter?