Nouveaux traitements. Un test sanguin qui permet de connaître son horloge biologique. Tous les matins, votre réveil sonne à 7h30 précises, vous prenez votre petit-déjeuner à 7h45 et vous partez travailler à 8h.
Vous êtes quotidiennement réglé comme du papier à musique ! Mais votre horloge biologique, elle, est peut-être déphasée : pour votre corps, il n'est peut-être pas 7h30 quand vous vous levez, mais 6h30 ou 8h30. Un décalage qui peut rendre un traitement médicamenteux pris au quotidien moins efficace. Pour pallier ce problème, des chercheurs de l'Université Northwestern aux Etats-Unis ont mis au point un test sanguin simple destiné aux chercheurs et médecins afin que ces derniers puissent savoir précisément à quelle heure est l'horloge biologique de leur patient ! Connaître l'impact des horloges biologiques "déréglées" sur le diabète ou Alzheimer "Notre test ne permet pas seulement de savoir si vous êtes plutôt du matin ou du soir, explique dans un communiqué Rosemary Braun, biostatisticienne à l'Université Northwestern et auteure principal de ces travaux. Scientists Illuminate Life's Workings By Calculating The Number Of Protein Molecules In A Single Cell.
Have you ever wondered how many protein molecules are contained within a single cell?
Well, you should – after all, life is nothing without proteins and all their forms, from antibodies and enzymes to storage components and messengers. The world without proteins is like a book without words. Knowing how many proteins are contained within the average cell is pretty important – particularly when it comes to understanding how certain diseases emerge – but curiously, up until this point, this number has proven to be elusive.
Now, after a fairly complex attempt to find the answer, a team led by the University of Toronto (UoT) has finally settled on a figure: 42 million. Bioinformatics vs Computational Biology. The world of quantitative biology is large, diffuse and sometimes overwhelming.
It’s hard sometimes to even figure out what someone means when they say “bioinformatics”. This can make it hard to figure out what part of the field someone works in. One way to break it down is to describe bioinformatics as the building of tools and methods for the processing and management of biological data, and computational biology as the pursuit of biological sciences using computational methods. Therefore, bioinformatics is more of an engineering discipline and computational biology more a scientific discipline. It’s helpful to think about these distinctions, subtle as they seem. Nous sommes plus que notre ADN : découverte d'un nouveau mécanisme d'hérédité épigénétique. Elles ont toutes le même ADN mais des caractères bien différents : des chercheurs ont obtenu des lignées de drosophiles aux yeux blancs, jaunes ou rouges, en perturbant de façon transitoire des interactions entre des gènes cibles des protéines Polycomb, des complexes protéiques impliqués dans la répression de nombreux gènes, notamment des gènes de développement.
Les informations nécessaires au fonctionnement des cellules ne sont pas toutes portées par le matériel génétique. D'autres paramètres, transmis de façon héréditaire mais non codés par les gènes d'un individu, pilotent la vie des cellules. Ces facteurs dits épigénétiques sont un étiquetage chimique et une organisation spatiale bien définie de notre génome. Les révolutions biotech : 1/ CRISPR-Cas9 (partie 1) - Transhumanisme : Association Française Transhumaniste.
Microbiome Science Could Bring a Revolution in Medical Care. The human body is made up of roughly 10 trillion cells.
Organ regeneration. Extinct species. Microbiote. Qu'est-ce que la bioinformatique ? Super organisms. How the Hidden Mathematics of Living Cells Could Help Us Decipher the Brain. Given how much they can actually do, computers have a surprisingly simple basis.
Indeed, the logic they use has worked so well that we have even started to think of them as analogous to the human brain. Current computers basically use two basic values — 0 (false) and 1 (true) — and apply simple operations like “and”, “or” and “not” to compute with them. These operations can be combined and scaled up to represent virtually any computation. Uk.businessinsider. Theoretical physicists have confirmed that it's not just the information coded into our DNA that shapes who we are - it's also the way DNA folds itself that controls which genes are expressed inside our bodies.
That's something biologists have known for years, and they've even been able to figure out some of the proteins responsible for folding up DNA. But now a group of physicists have been able to demonstrate for the first time through simulations how this hidden information controls our evolution. Let's back up for a second here, because although it's not necessarily news to many scientists, this second level of DNA information might not be something you're familiar with. Quelle éthique pour les ciseaux génétiques. En permettant de modifier l’ADN avec une facilité déconcertante, les outils d’ingénierie génomique comme CRISPR-Cas9 ouvrent la voie à des questionnements éthiques et législatifs complexes.
Un article à relire à l'occasion du prix Nobel de chimie 2020 attribué à Emmanuelle Charpentier et Jennifer Doudna. There's A Second Layer Of Information In DNA. The way A, T, G, and C are arranged in the DNA double helix determines how proteins are produced in the body of multi-celled organisms like us.
And now, physicists have confirmed that there’s a second layer of information in DNA. In addition to the genetic information, we’re also determined by the mechanical properties of DNA. The findings are published in PLOS ONE this week. Those same four letters are found in all our different cells within all our different organs.
Researchers Take Steps Towards Developing A "Universal" Vaccine To Cure All Cancers. As wonder drugs go, the idea of a single medicine that can cure literally all types of cancer has got to be right up there in the “too good to be true” bracket.
And while such a panacea may still be a little way off, a team of researchers from Johannes Gutenberg University in Germany have taken a significant step in that direction. ?articles. At a workshop held at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) last September on the role of human microbiota in infectious disease, I was disheartened not to hear a single talk on the fungal community—the mycobiome. Disheartened, but not surprised. Ignoring the fungal kingdom is nothing new. How Much Does Genetics Really Affect Your Fitness? Scientists Have Genetically Engineered Micropigs To Sell As Pets. A Chinese institute known for its breakthrough in genomic sequencing is now using its pioneering gene-editing technique to create and sell micropigs as pets. A portly pig will now weigh the same as a medium-sized dog – a mere 15 kilograms (33 pounds) in weight. BGI, the genomics institute planning to sell these puny pigs, claims the money will be reinvested into research.
While micropigs as pets are not new on the market, those that have been gene-edited are. Previous mini-pigs, often called “teacup pigs,” are bred for their pint-sized traits, either through the breeding of runts or for the dwarfism gene. In this case, however, scientists shrunk the swines by using enzymes known as TALENs (transcription activator-like effector nucleases) to disable one of their two growth hormone receptor genes. Study reveals the genetic start-up of a human embryo. An international team of scientists led from Sweden's Karolinska Institutet has for the first time mapped all the genes that are activated in the first few days of a fertilized human egg. The study, which is being published in the journal Nature Communications, provides an in-depth understanding of early embryonic development in human -- and scientists now hope that the results will help finding for example new therapies against infertility.
At the start of an individual's life there is a single fertilized egg cell. One day after fertilization there are two cells, after two days four, after three days eight and so on, until there are billions of cells at birth. Stem Cells. ?articles. WIKIMEDIA, LUCASMCORSOScientists have been searching for chemicals or conditions that can stimulate the activity of energy-burning brown fat as a potential means of treating obesity.
Adult humans, unlike babies and some animals, don’t have too much brown fat to work with, however. Now, researchers in Texas have found that humans—victims of extreme burn trauma, in particular—can actually convert white fat into brown fat, a phenomenon previously witnessed only in animals and in vitro models. Smartphone-Sized Genetic Sequencer Transcribes Entire Bacterial Genome - Singularity HUB. Scientists first transcribed the genome—or complete genetic code—of a free living organism in 1995. Sequencing the bacterium H. Influenzae took a little over a year, cost about $1 million, and required a (then) significant amount of computing power.
In 1997, Escherichia coli (E. coli) similarly surrendered its genetic secrets. Less than two decades on, the entire genome of E. coli has again been sequenced. Eating Human Brains Drove Evolution In Remote Tribe. The practice of ritualistic mortuary cannibalism used to be common amongst the Fore peoples of Papua New Guinea. When a member of the tribe died, the women in the village used to dismember and prepare the body, which was then eaten.
Beyond genes: are centrioles carriers of biological information? 24.04.15 - EPFL scientists discover that certain cell structures, the centrioles, could act as information carriers throughout cell generations. The discovery raises the possibility that transmission of biological information could involve more than just genes. Centrioles are barrel-shaped structures inside cells, made up of multiple proteins. They are currently the focus of much research, since mutations in the proteins that make them up can cause a broad range of diseases, including developmental abnormalities, respiratory conditions, male sterility and cancer. Publishing in the Nature journal Cell Research, EPFL scientists show that the original centrioles of a fertilized egg, which only come from the father, persist across tens of cell divisions in the developing embryo.
The surprising finding raises the possibility that centrioles may actually be carriers of information, with profound implications for biology and disease treatment. Passing information across generations Reference. Neurons Busily Rewrite Their DNA NonstopTrending. Scientists from Johns Hopkins have found that neurons are not risk-averse, if fact, they use minor "DNA surgeries" to toggle their activity levels 24/7.
Since these activity levels are important in learning, memory, and brain disorders, the researchers believe their finding will shed light on several key questions. These are images of mouse neurons from the hippocampal region of the brain. Levels of the surface receptor GluR1, orange, are shown in unmodified neurons, left, and in those with increased levels of Tet3, right. BioVisions. News Highlights:CRISPR-Edited Human Embryos Raise Ruckus. Blurring an ethical line, scientists at Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou have used the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing system not on human adult cells or animal embryos, as has been done on many occasions, but on human embryos.
Scientists Convert Cancer Cells Into Harmless Immune Cells. Xeroxed gene may have paved the way for large human brain. Outer Envelope of Flu Virus Simulated for the First Time. Understanding how viruses survive in different settings could lead to new ways to fight them. Des scientifiques ont trouvé un moyen de ''décuire'' un oeuf dur. Illumina_sequencing_introduction.pdf. Binge Drinking Effects Your Immune System Immediately. That binge drinking alters behavior is well known. World First: Scientists Observe DNA Shuttling Between Cells, Triggering Tumor Growth. News Highlights:Most Cancers Due to Bad Luck, Not Heredity or Lifestyle. Bioinfo_Excel. Drugs from where?! Female genitals may be source of uniquely effective antibiotic. Endurance Training Influences Gene Expression In Muscles.
A Lab In South Korea Will Clone Your Dog For $100,000. MIT: Synthetic DNA Can Be Used as Ink for Nanoscale 3D Printers. Scientists Edge Closer To Stem Cell Therapy For Parkinson's. Stephen Friend: The hunt for "unexpected genetic heroes" Scientists Make DNA Wires That Carry Electric Current. Scientists Identify Genes Associated With Violent Crime. Activating Body’s Brown Fat Could Lead To New Weight Loss Method. Drew Berry: Animations of unseeable biology. 10 créatures presque invincibles! - Science Virale. News Highlights:Human Stem Cell Clock Reset to Zero. Scientists Discover New Mechanism of Gene Regulation. APOB, a gene involved in lipid transport, linked to cases of familial extreme longevity. Top five myths about genetic modification. Top 10 Innovations 2013. On best practices in the development of bioinformatics software. What You Need To Know About Genetically Modified Organisms. Les portables pourraient prédire les épidémies d’Ebola.
News Highlights:Mapping Cell Fate Conversion via CellNet, a Network Biology Tool. Tiniest Insect Genome Sequenced. One Injection Reverses Diabetes Symptoms Without Side Effects. Biological Pacemaker Developed Using Gene Therapy. Friends Resemble Each Other Genetically. Friends share similar DNA, study finds. Researchers Develop A Novel Method To Produce Blood Cells From Stem Cells. Designer Babies – Like It Or Not, Here They Come. Genes Play An Important Role In Shaping Chimp Intelligence. DNA Scissors Can Perform Surgery On Your Genes. A Man Was Cured Of HIV In 2008, And Hardly Anyone Knows About It. No Pain, Big Gain. Organ-on-a-Chip Advance Goes to the Very Marrow. The triumph of genomic medicine is just beginning. Semi-synthetic organism: Scientists create first living organism that transmits added letters in DNA 'alphabet'
Des chercheurs découvrent deux virus géants. Hécatombes de microbiologistes depuis 2001 !!!!! First comprehensive atlas of human gene activity released. Sommes-nous des mutants ? Steal My Sunshine. TeselaGen Is Building A Platform For Rapid Prototyping in Synthetic Biology. Voulez-vous savoir quand vous allez mourir. RNA World 2.0. New School. Plants "Communicate" Using Molecular Language.