Writing Systems
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s List of Famous Unsolved Codes and Ciphers
Beale Ciphers - In 1885, a small pamphlet was published in Virginia containing a story and three encrypted messages. According to the pamphlet, around 1820 a man named Beale buried two wagons-full of treasure at a secret location in Bedford County, Virginia. He then left a small locked box with a local innkeeper, and left town, never to be seen again. The pamphlet went on to state that the innkeeper, after having not heard from Beale for many years, opened the box and discovered encrypted messages. Never able to read them, he eventually passed them along to a young friend shortly before the innkeeper's death in 1863.
Learn to read the Russian Alphabet in 75 Minutes - un knol de David Petherick
You can learn to read Russian in 75 minutes! Key Benefits: Once you have studied this document, you will be able to read Russian and speak Russian! Estimated time to master this is 75 minutes (spend fifteen minutes a day on this for the next five days). The author gave a 75-minute lecture at the Royal Museum of Scotland in 2005, at the end of which, the audience were confidently reading and speaking Russian words. It's simple...
Origin Little is known about the origins of the Runic alphabet, which is traditionally known as futhark after the first six letters. In Old Norse the word rune means 'letter', 'text' or 'inscription'. The word also means 'mystery' or 'secret' in Old Germanic languages and runes had a important role in ritual and magic. Here are some theories about the origins of runes: The alphabet was probably created independently rather than evolving from another alphabet.
Runic alphabets / Runes / Futhark
Jawi (Jawi: جاوي Jāwī ; Pattani : Yawi ; Acehnese : Jawoë ) is an Arabic alphabet for writing the Malay language , Acehnese , Banjarese , Minangkabau , Tausug and several other languages in Southeast Asia. Jawi is one of the two official scripts in Brunei , and is used as an alternate script in Malaysia . Usage wise, it was the standard script for the Malay language but has since been replaced by a Latin alphabet called Rumi , and Jawi has since been relegated to a script used for religious and cultural purposes. Day-to-day usage of Jawi is maintained in more conservative Malay-populated areas such as Pattani in Thailand and Kelantan in Malaysia and used by some of the locals of the Muslim population regions of the southern Philippines. [ 1 ] [ edit ] Etymology
Jawi script
Voynich manuscript
The Voynich manuscript , described as "the world's most mysterious manuscript", [ 3 ] is a work which dates to the early 15th century (1404–1438), possibly from northern Italy. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is named after the book dealer Wilfrid Voynich , who purchased it in 1912. Some pages are missing, but the current version comprises about 240 vellum pages, most with illustrations. Much of the manuscript resembles herbal manuscripts of the 1500s, seeming to present illustrations and information about plants and their possible uses for medical purposes. However, most of the plants do not match known species, and the manuscript's script and language remain unknown and unreadable. Possibly some form of encrypted ciphertext , the Voynich manuscript has been studied by many professional and amateur cryptographers , including American and British codebreakers from both World War I and World War II . It has defied all decipherment attempts, becoming a famous case of historical cryptology .
The Arabic chat alphabet , Arabizi (Arabic: عربيزي ‘Arabizi [ 1 ] ), Arabish or Araby , (Arabic: عربي ‘Araby [ 2 ] ), is an alphabet used to communicate in the Arabic language over the Internet or for sending messages via cellular phones when the actual Arabic alphabet is unavailable for technical reasons. It is a character encoding of Arabic to the Latin script and the Arabic numerals . Users of this alphabet have developed some special notations to transliterate some of the letters that do not exist in the basic Latin script ( ASCII ). [ 3 ] [ edit ] History During the last decades of the 20th century and especially since the 1990s, Western text communication technologies became increasingly prevalent in the Arab world , such as personal computers , the World Wide Web , email , bulletin board systems , IRC , instant messaging and mobile phone text messaging .
Arabic chat alphabet
The Arabic alphabet ( Arabic : أَبْجَدِيَّة عَرَبِيَّة ’abjadiyyah ‘arabiyyah ) or Arabic abjad is the Arabic script as it is codified for writing the Arabic language . It is written from right to left, in a cursive style, and includes 28 letters. Because letters usually [ 1 ] stand for consonants, it is classified as an abjad . [ edit ] Consonants The Arabic alphabet has 28 letters . Adaptations of the Arabic script for other languages, such as Persian , Ottoman , Sindhi , Urdu , Malay or Pashto , Arabi Malayalam , have additional letters, shown below.
Arabic alphabet