NOVA | Explore Ancient Egypt Explore Ancient Egypt With 360-degree and other imagery, walk around the Sphinx, enter the Great Pyramid, visit tombs and temples, and more. Want to walk around the Sphinx? Clamber inside the Great Pyramid of Giza and seek out the pharaoh's burial chamber? Visit the magnificent tombs and temples of ancient Thebes? In this multi-layered, highly visual interactive, view 360° panoramas, "walkaround" photos, and other breathtaking imagery shot throughout the Giza Plateau and ancient Thebes (modern-day Luxor), often with special permission. View From Top You are now standing atop Khufuís Pyramid, 45 stories above the Giza Plateau. Other things to look for as you navigate around the summit are the Sphinx, Khufu's three Queens' Pyramids, greater Cairo, and—hard to miss—Khafre's Pyramid. Descending Passage Subterranean Chamber Do you see the small grated opening across the room from the entrance? Ascending Passage Okay, let's begin. Grand Gallery (Lower) "Queen's Chamber" Grand Gallery (Upper) Sphinx
Indus Valley Civilization, Mohenjo Daro, Harappan Culture Indus Valley Civilization Gateway At Harappa: Indus Valley Civilization The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) was a Bronze Age civilization (3300-1300 BCE; mature period 2600-1900 BCE) extending from what today is northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India. Along with Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia it was one of three early civilizations of the Old World, and of the three the most widespread It flourished in the basins of the Indus River, one of the major rivers of Asia, and the Ghaggar-Hakra River, which once coursed through northwest India and eastern Pakistan. At its peak, the Indus Civilization may have had a population of over five million. Inhabitants of the ancient Indus river valley developed new techniques in handicraft (carnelian products, seal carving) and metallurgy (copper, bronze, lead, and tin). There were earlier and later cultures, often called Early Harappan and Late Harappan, in the same area of the Harappan Civilization. Chronology Geography Cities Harrappa Diet
Code de Hammurabi Le Code de Hammmurabi est l'emblème de la civilisation mésopotamienne. La haute stèle de basalte érigée par le roi de Babylone au XVIIIe siècle av. J. Une tradition juridique Cette stèle de basalte a été érigée par le roi Hammurabi de Babylone (1792-1750 av. Le contenu du Code Le texte est rédigé en écriture cunéiforme et en langue akkadienne. La signification du monument Le Code de Hammurabi a d'abord une valeur de modèle, en tant que traité de l'exercice du pouvoir judiciaire, écrit selon l'optique de la science mésopotamienne qui ne s'élève jamais du particulier au général. Bibliographie - ANDRE-SALVINI Béatrice, Le Code de Hammurabi, collection Solo, Éditions de la Réunion des musées nationaux, Paris, 2003. - BERGMANN E. - DRIVERS G. - FINET André, Le Code de Hammurabi, collection "Littératures anciennes du Proche-Orient", Éditions du Cerf, Paris, 2002, n 6. - MORGAN Jacques (de), JEQUIER Gustave, "Premier royaume susien", in Mémoires de la Délégation en Perse, vol.
Classical Period, 900 - 290 BC Detailed Timeline of European History Classical Period (900 - 290 BC) Beginning of Western Culture and Philosophy Go to European History Interactive Map Classical Period Europe Interactive Map Note: From Tribal to Advanced Organization. (Timeline Continued Below) Greeks Emerge from Greek Dark Ages (~900 - 750 BC): Greeks emerge from Greek dark ages, relearning writing from Phoenicians (modern Syria). Article: Rise of Western Culture and Philosophy (i.e. Germanic Expansion (~ 850 - 250 BC): From about 850 through about 250 BC, Germanic tribes take territory away from the Celts. Italic Peoples (~ 800 BC): Italic (Latin) peoples (likely Celt origin) from north migrate into central Italy. Greeks Colonize Southern Italy (~ 800 BC): Greeks colonize southern tip of Italy, spreading Greek culture northward, contributing to development of advanced Roman Republic. Establishment of Rome (753 BC): Establishment of city of Rome by Italic/Latin peoples, absorbing Etruscans. for elected leaders.
Roman Army - Recruitment, Legions, Siege Warfare & More Evolution of the Roman Army: Recruitment of Soliders for the Roman Army: The Roman army changed over time. The consuls had the power to recruit troops, but in the last years of the Republic, provincial governors were replacing troops without the approval of the consuls. Size of the Roman Legions Legion Under Augustus: Contubernium of Soldiers in the Roman Army: There was one leather sleeping tent to cover a group of 8 legionaries. "The Size and Organization of the Roman Imperial Legion," by Jonathan Roth; Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, Vol. 43, No. 3 (3rd Qtr., 1994), pp. 346-362 Legion Names: Legions were numbered. Roman Army Punishments: One way to ensure discipline was the system of punishments. Siege Warfare: The first great siege war was waged by Camillus against the Veii. The Roman Soldier: Roman soldiers had to march at an ordinary pace of 20 Roman miles in 5 summer hours and at a fast military pace of 24 Roman miles in 5 summer hours carrying a 70 pound backpack.
King Tut Revealed By A.R. Williams He was just a teenager when he died. The last heir of a powerful family that had ruled Egypt and its empire for centuries, he was laid to rest laden with gold and eventually forgotten. Since the discovery of his tomb in 1922, the modern world has speculated about what happened to him, with murder the most extreme possibility. Inside King Tut’s subterranean burial chamber, against a backdrop of sacred murals, Zahi Hawass, head of Egypt’s Supreme Council of Antiquities, removes padding to reveal the young pharaoh’s remains. Clues From Top ... Did the young pharaoh die from a blow to the head? As evidence, they cite an x-ray taken in 1968, which shows a fragment of bone in the skull cavity—emptied by embalmers, according to custom. The maturity of the skeleton and wisdom teeth confirms that Tut was about 19 years old when he died. ... to Bottom Supporters of such possibilities point to Tut’s mangled chest, with its breastbone missing and much of the front rib cage cut out.
Baalbek Trilithon – Baalbek, Lebanon There were many stone movers in the ancient world. From Stonehenge to Macchu Piccu, ancient peoples found a way to move stones of massive proportions. The Olmec of Central America moved enormous stone heads, possibly by floating them down rivers on rafts. The Inca created mountaintop kingdoms out of enormous yet intricately fitted stones, each dragged for dozens of miles. The largest hewn stone yet discovered, however, was not found in any of these places, but in the Lebanese town of Baalbeck, in the ruins of a city once known as Heliopolis, “the City of the Sun.” In the base of the ruins of the Jupiter Baal Temple lie three hewn stones known together as the “trilithon.” Whether Roman masons or some other group, someone devised a way to move these massive blocks from the quarry over many miles, and to then lift them onto a base of smaller blocks. Known as the “Stone of the Pregnant Woman,” it weighs an estimated 1,200 tons—equivalent to three Boeing 747s.
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