50 Cognitive Biases in the Modern World

Ars industrialis Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Ars industrialis (« Association internationale pour une politique industrielle des technologies de l'esprit ») est une association culturelle et philosophique française créée le 18 juin 2005 à l’initiative du philosophe Bernard Stiegler. Active sur Internet et à travers diverses publications[1], cette association propose de développer une réflexion critique sur les « technologies de l’esprit » (industries de l’informatique et des télécommunications, notamment) et à interroger les impératifs économiques qui, selon elle, les sous-tendent. Accueillant des membres et des adhérents de toute nationalité, l’association se veut « européenne ». Son siège est à Paris. Manifeste d'Ars Industrialis[modifier | modifier le code] "Le capitalisme autodestructeur"[modifier | modifier le code] L'association fait l'analyse d'un système économique, social et politique selon elle, invivable à long terme : le capitalisme dans sa forme autodestructrice. .

The Properties of Human Memory and Their Importance for Information Visualization It is important to know that while neuroscience has progressed dramatically over the last decades; there is no complete understanding of how human memory works. We know, for example, that data in the brain is stored in clusters of neurons but we don’t know how, precisely, it is stored or even how it is encoded. Thus when it comes to understanding memory from a design perspective we will examine certain properties of human memory that are commonly understood to be correct. Human memory doesn’t exist in isolation; the brain isn’t just responsible for memorizing things but also for processing the data and acting on that data. Much of our memory and much of the information we receive is visual and it is with visual memories that the designer is mainly concerned. Three Types of Memory There are three main types of memory that are processed in the brain: Sensory MemoriesShort-term MemoriesLong-term Memories Author/Copyright holder: JSpudeman. Sensory Memories Author/Copyright holder: Was a bee.

The role of evidence - Brett   Hall You can’t use evidence to support your theory.SummaryScientific theories are created to explain evidence.Evidence is used to decide between rival theories: not support a theory.This difference matters.Most scientists don’t know this, just like...Pilots don’t need to know all the details of how the engines work to fly a plane.Example: The observation that Mercury is at position A on the sky and not B is evidence.This evidence can be used to show Newton’s Theory of Gravity is false.The only theory left that explains that piece of evidence along with everything that Newton’s theory does and lots more besides is the General Theory of Relativity.No one knows the details of how all the systems of an Airbus A 380 work. The pilot doesn’t need to know the intricacies of how to fix a broken engine, or how to reprogram a software glitch in the autopilot or how the optic fibre for the inflight entertainment transmits its signals.

Intelligence collective : nettoyeur de 188 biais cognitifs - Excellence décisionnelle - Agilité - Performance - Engagement Extrait du livre : L’excellence décisionnelle, la clé du succès dans l’excellence opérationnelle. Voir chapitre 6 du livre. Je vous invite à percevoir l’intelligence collective comme un élément majeur d’un système de prise de décision. Attention, il ne s’agit pas de décision collective (cf. mon article Décision collective = engagement ?) mais d’une façon de gérer les risques dans une prise de décision pour tendre vers l’excellence décisionnelle. Le plus gros risque dans une prise de décision, ce sont les 188 biais cognitifs. La bonne nouvelle est que l’intelligence collective est un nettoyeur de biais cognitifs pour les prises de décision en situation complexe, en particulier à travers la méthode du Codev stratégique. Olivier Sibony nous propose 3 techniques à utiliser systématiquement dans les processus de prise de décision : l’avocat du diable et de l’ange (favoriser l’expression des contradictions), le pre-mortem (imaginer le scénario catastrophe) et une liste de critères. 1. 2. 3. 4.

IDÅSEN Desk sit/stand, black/dark gray, 63x311/2" Great sit/stand deskJasonVery solid and easy to adjust height.5 Functional sit-stand deskNikolausHad been looking for a sit-stand desk with some heft to it, Idasen seemed to be just what the Viking ordered. Assembly was straight-forward, the frame comes in two beefy boxes around 15kg / 30lbs each, tabletop the same. Had the whole unit with desktop up and working in 1-2 hours, taking my time. The cable management netting is a nice bonus, but not sure how well it will last. Happy CustomerChuckWe liked the adjustable desk so much that we returned and purchased a second one. Love this desk! My second standing deskStevenI spent 3x as much for my first standing desk from another manufacturer - it broken when the moving company transported it. Solid, Minimalist Design, and Large Work SurfaceSteve B.Purchased for a newly renovated home office. Amazing quality at a great priceKAROLEMy husband bought this desk for his home office/ gaming room. Love thisDEBLove this5 Love it! Great Product!!

Cinq choses étonnantes à savoir sur la mémoire • Il n'y a pas une, mais des mémoires «J'ai la mémoire qui flanche», dit la chanson… En réalité nous disposons de cinq formes de mémoire qui collaborent entre elles pour nous permettre d'encoder des informations nouvelles, de les conserver, et enfin de les récupérer. La mémoire procédurale représente les habitudes, les automatismes. La mémoire perceptive permet le maintien en mémoire de sensations perceptives et la reconnaissance des formes, des sons, des goûts. La mémoire sémantique est celle des connaissances apprises sur le monde («Paris est la capitale de la France») ou sur soi («Je suis né en Auvergne»). La mémoire de travail, à court terme, permet de garder les informations en tête pour calculer, répondre à une question ou résoudre un problème. La mémoire épisodique représente la mémoire des souvenirs évoqués avec détails et indices placés dans un contexte précis, nous dotant alors du pouvoir de retenir des évènements uniques et de nous projeter dans le futur. • Oublier est important

Vicarious Reinforcement in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca Mulatta) | Neuroscience Introduction Reinforcement learning provides a powerful mechanism for associating stimuli and actions with the direct experience of reward and punishment (Rescorla and Wagner, 1972; Schultz et al., 1997; Sutton and Barto, 1998). Behavioral and neurobiological evidence indicate that human behavior also depends on outcomes that have not been directly experienced. Observing what happens to others also powerfully shapes human learning and behavior (Berger, 1962; Bandura and McDonald, 1963; Bandura et al., 1963). Such observations endorse the idea that neural mechanisms supporting vicarious reinforcement are derived specializations of the human brain, which support complex social behavior including observational learning, cooperation, and even altruism (Fehr and Fischbacher, 2003). Whether mere observation of rewarding events occurring to another individual can drive the expression of social preferences in non-human animals, as proposed by the “warm glow” model, however, remains debated.

The Bilingual Brain by Albert Costa review – the science of learning | Books A third of the way through this absorbing and engagingly written book, Albert Costa describes a family meal: “The father speaks Spanish with his wife and his son, but uses Catalan with his daughter. The daughter in turn speaks Catalan with her father but Spanish with the rest of the family, including the grandmother, who only speaks Spanish though she understands Catalan.” It’s what Costa calls “orderly mixing”, and, depending on which restaurants you visit, a common enough situation: everyone is bilingual here, but the language used changes according to who it is directed at. Not far, he observes. The family, of course, is where it all starts. Costa’s book starts in the womb. Costa also describes how a bilingual person’s two languages can be in productive conflict, and how, even though only one language might be being used at any given time, the second language is still being cognitively exercised.

Paralogisme Aristote distingue treize types de paralogismes dans son traité Réfutations sophistiques. Dans la Critique de la raison pure, Kant identifie les paralogismes comme étant des illusions de la raison. On peut distinguer deux types de paralogismes : les paralogismes formels et les paralogismes informels[2]. Le paralogisme formel est un syllogisme erroné. La traduction en français du terme anglais fallacy[3] pose question car bien que pouvant être traduit par sophisme, le terme englobe aussi le paralogisme, lequel est involontaire[4]. Paralogismes formels[modifier | modifier le code] En mésusant de la structure générale du syllogisme, on peut former les paralogismes formels décrits dans cette section. Un syllogisme peut se résumer de la manière suivante : En logique formelle, il s'agit simplement de la transitivité de la relation d'implication : si C ⇒ A et A ⇒ B, alors C ⇒ B (conclusion). (On a ici inversé l'ordre de la 1re et de la 2e prémisse.) Exemple d'un syllogisme célèbre :

Pursuit Ergonomic Chair by UPLIFT Desk 1. Headrest Both white outer shell and grey inner shell are made of molded polypropylene (100% recyclable). 2. Fabric The seat is upholstered over polyurethane foam (recyclable into carpet padding, wadding to pack fragile items, etc). 3. 4. 5. 6. The Mathematician's Glossary of Non-Mathematical Terms --- A Peak Into Those Foreign-Looking Nerdy Brains | Math Vault All right. After having done some heavy-duty math this semester, we have decided to slack off a bit for good and ponder on, hmm…a different kind of mathematics altogether. “What?”, you ask? (actually, there is mathematician right in front of you inside the head logo. And before you make up your mind, here is one solid definition from the encyclopedia Uncyclopedia: A mathematician (not to be confused with Mathemagician) is a complicated mechanism for turning coffee into theorems (except for the rare oxygenarians). The mathematician out of order. Hahaha… All right. For your own pleasure, we have included here 25 frequently-recurring terms in the discourse of pure mathematics — terms which we believe warrant some clarifications: (Note: The following can be construed as an in-depth analysis of mathematicians and their buzzwords — from a 3rd-person objective point of view) Well-Defined Proof from First Principles Mathematical Machineries Elementary Proof Handwaving Uh oh. Rigor Discovery Intuition Iff

18.3: 18.2-Reciprocal Determinism - Social Sci LibreTexts One of the most important aspects of Bandura’s view on how personality is learned is that each one of us is an agent of change, fully participating in our surroundings and influencing the environmental contingencies that behaviorists believe affect our behavior. These interactions can be viewed three different ways. The first is to consider behavior as a function of the person and the environment. In this view, personal dispositions (or traits) and the consequences of our actions (reinforcement or punishment) combine to cause our behavior. Figure Early theories considered behavior to be a function of the person and their environment, or a function of the interaction between the person and their environment. Reciprocal determinism can be seen in everyday observations, such as those made by Bandura and others during their studies of aggression. Discussion question Observational Learning and Aggression Modeling may produce disinhibitory effects in several ways. discussion question