*pour de nouvelles perles : Vous proposez, je dispose...
*ne pas changer les photos, faites une proposition...
* Ne pas créer de nouveaux pearltrees pour moins de 5 perles...
*respecter l'harmonie visuelle...
* plutôt arbo fermé (poupées russes) que dévellopé en flowchart (organigramme)...trops de branches donne des perliers de trop grand rayon avec une perte de place au centre...
*Garder l'essentiel, éviter les répétitions...
*réduire les url youtube j'usqu'au &...sinon ça fait plein de doublon isolés...
Merci d'avance. Consciousness.
Representation of consciousness from the seventeenth century At one time consciousness was viewed with skepticism by many scientists, but in recent years it has become a significant topic of research in psychology, neuropsychology and neuroscience. The primary focus is on understanding what it means biologically and psychologically for information to be present in consciousness—that is, on determining the neural and psychological correlates of consciousness. The majority of experimental studies assess consciousness by asking human subjects for a verbal report of their experiences (e.g., "tell me if you notice anything when I do this"). Issues of interest include phenomena such as subliminal perception, blindsight, denial of impairment, and altered states of consciousness produced by drugs and alcohol, or spiritual or meditative techniques.
Etymology and early history[edit] John Locke, British philosopher active in the 17th century In the dictionary[edit] Philosophy of mind[edit] Home. Online papers on consciousness. Search tips There are three kinds of search you can perform: All fields This mode searches for entries containing all the entered words in their title, author, date, comment field, or in any of many other fields showing on OPC pages. Surname This mode searches for entries containing the text string you entered in their author field. Advanced This mode differs from the all fields mode in two respects.
Note that short and / or common words are ignored by the search engine. The Nature of Consciousness: How the Internet Could Learn to Feel - Steve Paulson. "Romantic reductionist" neuroscientist Christof Koch discusses the scientific side of consciousness, including the notion that all matter is, to varying degrees, sentient. If you had to list the hardest problems in science -- the questions even some scientists say are insoluble -- you would probably end up with two: Where do the laws of physics come from? How does the physical stuff in our brains produce conscious experience? Even though philosophers have obsessed over the "mind-body problem" for centuries, the mystery of consciousness wasn't considered a proper scientific question until two or three decades ago.
By the 1980s, Crick had jumped from molecular biology to neuroscience and moved from England to California. Koch remains on the front lines of neurobiology. Why have you devoted so much of your life searching for the neural roots of consciousness? Koch: Consciousness is the central factor of our lives. What makes consciousness such a difficult problem for scientists to explain? Conscience. Gérard SabahGroupe Langage et CognitionLIMSI -- CNRS " La conscience est au psychologue ce que la gravité est au physicien : inévitable. " (Baars) Pendant de longues années, les chercheurs en intelligence artificielle et en sciences cognitives se sont gardés d'aborder le thème de la conscience, qui apparaissait comme une notion trop vague pour permettre une étude scientifique et pour fonder la cognition.
Des Grecs à Descartes, les rapports entre le cerveau et l'esprit sont fondés sur le dualisme et l'interaction d'un corps et d'un esprit matériels. Descartes fut le premier à tenter d'expliciter comment un esprit non matériel interagissait avec le corps (par l'intermédiaire de la glande pinéale). Les " occasionnalistes " (Malebranche, mais aussi de façon un peu plus lointaine, Spinoza et Leibniz) conçoivent l'idée fantastique d'un parallèle, commandé par Dieu, entre le corps et l'esprit, par ailleurs indépendants. 1.1. 1.2. . * Sélectivité. . * Exclusivité. . * Enchaînement. . * Unité. 1.3. Conscience. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. « Pensées tourbillonnantes », une représentation photographique sur la question de la conscience : comment la conscience peut-elle être expliquée en termes de processus cérébraux ? Où se trouve le siège de la conscience ? La conscience est un phénomène difficile à définir précisément en raison de la difficulté à comprendre sa nature et ses contours, d’autant qu’il est loin d’être certain que ce qui cherche à la comprendre, la conscience elle-même précisément dont la raison est un outil stylisé, soit capable de se saisir elle-même (« le couteau ne peut se couper lui-même » disent les bouddhistes).
La conscience est, du point de vue de certaines philosophies et de la psychologie, la faculté mentale qui permet d'appréhender de façon subjective les phénomènes extérieurs (par exemple, sous la forme de sensations) ou intérieurs (les états émotionnels, les pensées..) et plus généralement sa propre existence. Polysémie[modifier | modifier le code] Table of contents. (With last update date) Cover Foreword (August 13, 2009) Part 1. Quantum theory and consciousness Preface to part 1 (April 12, 2000) Chapter 1. 1.1. 1.6. 1.7.
Chapter 2. 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. 2.5. 2.6. Chapter 3. 3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 3.4. Chapter 4. 4.1. 4.2. 4.3. 4.4. Chapter 5. 5.1. 5.2. 5.3. 5.4. 5.5. 5.6. 5.7. 5.8. 5.9. 5.10. 5.11. 5.12. 5.13. 5.14. 5.15. 5.16. Chapter 6. 6.1. 6.2. 6.3. 6.4. 6.5. 6.6. 6.7. 6.8. 6.9. 6.10. 6.12. Part 2. Preface to part 2 (October 17, 2010) Chapter 7. 7.1. 7.2. 7.3. 7.4. 7.5. 7.6. 7.7. 7.9. 7.10.
Chapter 8. 8.1. 8.2. Chapter 9. 9.1. 9.2. 9.3. 9.4. 9.6. Chapter 10. 10.1. 10.2. 10.3. 10.4. Chapter 11. 11.1. 11.2. 11.3. 11.4. 11.5. 11.6. 11.7.The victim/victimizer polar pair 11.8. 11.9. 11.10. Chapter 12. 12.1. 12.2. 12.3. 12.5. 12.6. 12.7. Chapter 13. 13.1. 13.2. 13.3. 13.4. 13.5. 13.6. 13.7. 13.8. 13.9. 13.10. 13.11. 13.12. 13.13. Chapter 14. 14.1. 14.2. 14.3. 14.4. 14.5. 14.6. 14.7. 14.8. Chapter 15. Chapter 16. 16.3. 16.4. 16.5. Part 3. Chapter 17. 17.1. 17.2. Philosophy of mind. A phrenological mapping[1] of the brain – phrenology was among the first attempts to correlate mental functions with specific parts of the brain Philosophy of mind is a branch of philosophy that studies the nature of the mind, mental events, mental functions, mental properties, consciousness, and their relationship to the physical body, particularly the brain.
The mind–body problem, i.e. the relationship of the mind to the body, is commonly seen as one key issue in philosophy of mind, although there are other issues concerning the nature of the mind that do not involve its relation to the physical body, such as how consciousness is possible and the nature of particular mental states.[2][3][4] Mind–body problem[edit] Our perceptual experiences depend on stimuli that arrive at our various sensory organs from the external world, and these stimuli cause changes in our mental states, ultimately causing us to feel a sensation, which may be pleasant or unpleasant.
Arguments for dualism[edit] | Center for the Study of Language and Information. Do loops explain consciousness ? Web resources on consciousness, philosophy, and such. Web resources related to consciousness, philosophy, and such. Compiled by David Chalmers Here are a small number of high-quality academic resources on the web that I find useful or interesting. The emphasis is on sites containing real intellectual content. See also my lists of people with online papers in philosophy and of online papers on consciousness. Consciousness resources Philosophy resources Philosophy journals online Cognitive science resources Meta-resources Disorders of consciousness Interactive demonstrations Miscellaneous sites with interesting content Go to: David Chalmers' home page.
Higher consciousness. Higher consciousness is the consciousness of a higher Self, transcendental reality, or God. It is "the part of the human being that is capable of transcending animal instincts". The concept developed in German Idealism, and is a central notion in contemporary popular spirituality. Philosophy[edit] Fichte[edit] Fichte distinguished the finite or empirical ego from the pure or infinite ego. The activity of this "pure ego" can be discovered by a "higher intuition". Fichte (1762-1814) was one of the founding figures of German idealism, which developed from the theoretical and ethical writings of Immanuel Kant. According to Michael Whiteman, Fichte's philosophical system "is a remarkable western formulation of eastern mystical teachings (of which he seems to have had no direct knowledge).
" Schopenhauer[edit] In 1812 Schopenhauer started to use the term "the better consciousness", a consciousness ... According to Schopenhauer, Religion[edit] Schleiermacher[edit] 19th century movements[edit] Notes[edit] Cosmic consciousness. Cosmic consciousness is a book published by Richard Maurice Bucke in 1901, in which he explores the phenomenon of Cosmic Consciousness, "a higher form of consciousness than that possessed by the ordinary man", a consciousness of "the life and order of the universe".
History[edit] In 1901 Canadian psychiatrist Richard Maurice Bucke published Cosmic Consciousness: A Study in the Evolution of the Human Mind, in which he explores the phenomenon of Cosmic Consciousness, "a higher form of consciousness than that possessed by the ordinary man", a consciousness of "the life and order of the universe". Bucke discerns three forms or grades of consciousness: Simple consciousness, possessed by both animals and mankind;Self-consciousness, possessed by mankind, encompassing thought, reason, and imagination;Cosmic consciousness, a consciousness of "the life and order of the universe", possessed by few man, but a next step of human evolution, to be reached by all in the future. According to Juan A. Qualia. In philosophy, qualia (/ˈkwɑːliə/ or /ˈkweɪliə/; singular form: quale) are what some consider to be individual instances of subjective, conscious experience.
The term "qualia" derives from the Latin neuter plural form (qualia) of the Latin adjective quālis (Latin pronunciation: [ˈkʷaːlɪs]) meaning "of what sort" or "of what kind"). Examples of qualia include the pain of a headache, the taste of wine, or the perceived redness of an evening sky. As qualitative characters of sensation, qualia stand in contrast to "propositional attitudes".[1] Daniel Dennett (b. 1942), American philosopher and cognitive scientist, regards qualia as "an unfamiliar term for something that could not be more familiar to each of us: the ways things seem to us".[2] Erwin Schrödinger (1887–1961), the famous physicist, had this counter-materialist take: The sensation of color cannot be accounted for by the physicist's objective picture of light-waves.
Definitions[edit] Arguments for the existence of qualia[edit] E. J. Qualia. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Les qualia sont les propriétés de la perception et généralement de l'expérience sensible. C'est ce qu'on ressent lorsqu'on perçoit ou ressent quelque chose : qu'est-ce que ça fait de voir un objet rond, rouge et granuleux ? Les qualia constituent ainsi l'essence même de l'expérience de la vie et du monde. Ce sont des phénomènes psychiques et donc subjectifs, constitutifs des états mentaux. On distingue généralement : Par définition, les qualia sont inconnaissables en l'absence d'une intuition directe : on ne peut pas faire connaître le rouge, ou la couleur en général, à quelqu'un qui ne la connaît pas directement. Ils sont donc aussi incommunicables. Le mot qualia (à prononcer /ˈkwɑlia/, au singulier quale) vient du latin qualis qui signifie quel, de quelle sorte, de quelle espèce, de quelle nature[1].
Définition[modifier | modifier le code] Daniel Dennett distingue quatre propriétés généralement attribuées aux qualia : Daniel C. Philosophical zombie. A philosophical zombie or p-zombie in the philosophy of mind and perception is a hypothetical being that is indistinguishable from a normal human being except in that it lacks conscious experience, qualia, or sentience.[1] For example, a philosophical zombie could be poked with a sharp object, and not feel any pain sensation, but yet, behave exactly as if it does feel pain (it may say "ouch" and recoil from the stimulus, or tell us that it is in intense pain). Types of zombie[edit] Though philosophical zombies are widely used in thought experiments, the detailed articulation of the concept is not always the same. P-zombies were introduced primarily to argue against specific types of physicalism such as behaviorism, according to which mental states exist solely as behavior: belief, desire, thought, consciousness, and so on, are simply certain kinds of behavior or tendencies towards behaviors.
Zombie arguments[edit] The above is a strong formulation of the zombie argument. Responses[edit] 100 Ways To Become More Conscious: How To Raise Your Consciousness. 1. Connect with nature – Go for a walk in the forest, jungle, field of daisies, or wherever you feel like getting a connection with nature. It is possible to feel at deep sense of peace and oneness when you attempt to connect with nature. As you learn to connect and appreciate nature, you allow your consciousness to rise up. 2. Get your body moving – Exercise and dancing will raise your consciousness by promoting healthy brainwave patterns, healthy neurotransmitter levels, and great circulation throughout your nervous system. 3. . - Whether you are an advanced meditator or a beginner, the benefits are tremendous and will allow you to tap into your highest state of conscious functioning if you stick around long enough. 4.
. - Find only friends that align with who you are, your beliefs, and your values – they will make you more conscious. 5. . – If you have the intention to raise your consciousness and state of awareness, you are on the right track. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. LE CERVEAU À TOUS LES NIVEAUX! Parmi toutes les approches philosophiques proposées au fil des siècles pour tenter de résoudre , le dualisme et le matérialisme recueillent l’adhésion d’un nombre considérable de penseurs. Ceux-ci ont toutefois été amenés à nuancer ces deux positions théoriques générales afin de faire face aux critiques formulées à leur endroit. Pour éviter les pièges du dualisme de substance par exemple, on a proposé un « dualisme de propriété ». Celui-ci reconnaît que tout est matière mais que cette matière peut posséder deux types de propriété : des propriétés physiques et des propriétés mentales, ces dernières n’étant pas réductibles aux premières.
On qualifie d’ailleurs souvent le dualisme de propriété de «physicalisme non réductible». La douleur aurait par exemple une propriété physique (les fibres C qui émettent des potentiels d’action) et, en même temps, une propriété consciente (le sentiment douloureux). D’après Valentine, E.R. (1982) et. Consciousness Studies. Thoughts on Consciousness | OF MY OWN ACCORD. Category:Consciousness studies. Brain Basics. Neural correlates of consciousness. Science and Philosophy of Consciousness. Culture Vaults : Resonant Frequencies and the Human Brain. The Internet and the New Transformation of Consciousness.
Krishnamurti: The Talks on Freedom - Holistic Living | The Mind and the Brain. Consciousness-Evolution.pdf (Objet application/pdf) The Primacy of Consciousness - Peter Russell - Full Version. Theory of mind. Labos. Mirror neuron. Consciousness. Consciousness. Quantum mind. Scientific evidence for survival of consciousness after death. The brain’s silent majority - 2009 FALL. Quantum mind–body problem.
Extended consciousness. Psychedelics Can Expand Your Consciousness. Quantum Consciousness . Stuart Hameroff. Integral theory consciousness. The Society for the Anthropology of Consciousness | Exploring the origins and future of consciousness.