
Spirituality
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Spirituality can refer to an ultimate or an alleged immaterial reality ; [ 1 ] an inner path enabling a person to discover the essence of his/her being; or the "deepest values and meanings by which people live." [ 2 ] Spiritual practices , including meditation , prayer and contemplation , are intended to develop an individual's inner life; spiritual experience includes that of connectedness with a larger reality, yielding a more comprehensive self ; with other individuals or the human community ; with nature or the cosmos ; or with the divine realm. [ 3 ] Spirituality is often experienced as a source of inspiration or orientation in life. [ 4 ] It can encompass belief in immaterial realities or experiences of the immanent or transcendent nature of the world. [ edit ] Definition Traditionally, many religions have regarded spirituality as an integral aspect of religious experience .
Spirituality - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Religion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Islam ( English / ˈ ɪ z l ɑː m / ; [ note 1 ] Arabic : الإسلام al-ʾislām IPA: [ʔɪsˈlæːm] ( listen ) [ note 2 ] ) is the monotheistic religion articulated by the Qur'an , a text considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of God ( Arabic : الله Allāh ), and by the teachings and normative example (called the Sunnah and composed of Hadith ) of Muhammad , considered by them to be the last prophet of God . An adherent of Islam is called a Muslim .
Islam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_of_Israel
The Land of Israel ( Hebrew : אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל ʼÉreṣ Yiśrāʼēl , Eretz Yisrael ) is a biblical name for the territory roughly corresponding to the area encompassed by the Southern Levant (also known as Canaan , Palestine , Promised Land or simply the Holy Land ). The belief that the area is a God-given inheritance of the Jewish people is grounded in the Torah , especially the books of Genesis and Exodus , as well as the Prophets . According to the Book of Genesis, the land was promised by God to the descendants of Abraham through his son Isaac and to the Israelites , descendants of Jacob , Abraham's grandson.History of Zionism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Zionism as an organized movement is generally considered to have been fathered by Theodor Herzl in 1897; however the history of Zionism began earlier and related to Judaism and Jewish history . The Hovevei Zion , or the Lovers of Zion , were responsible for the creation of 20 new Jewish settlements in Palestine between 1870 and 1897. [ 1 ] Before the Holocaust the movement's central aims were the creation of a Jewish National Home and cultural centre in Palestine by facilitating Jewish migration . After the Holocaust, the movement focussed on creation of a " Jewish state " (usually defined as a secular state with a Jewish majority), attaining its goal in 1948 with the creation of Israel .Zionism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Return to Zion ( Hebrew : שיבת ציון , Shivat Tzion , or שבי ציון , Shavei Tzion , lit. Zion Returnees ) is a term that refers to the event written in the biblical books of Ezra-Nehemiah in which the Jews returned to the Land of Israel from the Babylonian exile following the decree by the Persian emperor Cyrus the Great , the conqueror of the Babylonian empire in 538 BC, also known as Cyrus's Declaration . Although the term was first coined after the destruction of the Second Temple (mentioned in the Song of Degrees [ 1 ] ), it was attributed to the event of the return of the Jews from the Babylonian exile to the Land of Israel after the destruction of the First Temple , following the decree of Cyrus the Great. The biblical meaning of "The Return to Zion", Aliyah , was later on borrowed from the ancient event and was adopted as the definition of all the immigrations of Jews to the Land of Israel and the State of Israel in modern times.
The Return to Zion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Christianity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Christianity (from the Ancient Greek word Χριστός , Khristos , " Christ ", literally "anointed one") is a monotheistic religion [ 1 ] based on the life and teachings of Jesus as presented in canonical gospels and other New Testament writings. [ 2 ] Adherents of the Christian faith are known as Christians . [ 3 ] Christians believe that Jesus is the Son of God , God having become human and the saviour of humanity . Because of this, Christians commonly refer to Jesus as Christ or Messiah . [ 4 ] The saving work of Christ on the cross is often referred to as the Gospel message, or good news .Prehistoric religion is a general term for the religious beliefs and practices of prehistoric peoples. More specifically it encompasses Paleolithic religion , Mesolithic religion, Neolithic religion and Bronze Age religion . Intentional burial , particularly with grave goods may be one of the earliest detectable forms of religious practice (the onset of burial itself being a canonical indicator of behavioral modernity ) since, as Philip Lieberman suggests, it may signify a "concern for the dead that transcends daily life." [ 1 ] [ edit ] Animal worship Picture of a half animal half human being in a Paleolithic cave painting in Dordogne , France which archeologists believe may be evidence for early shamanic practices.
Prehistoric religion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Solar deity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Religions of the Ancient Near East - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The religions of the ancient Near East were mostly polytheistic , with some early examples of primitive monolatry ( Mardukites ), Ashurism and Monism ( Atenism ). Some scholars believe that the similarities between these religions indicate that the religions are related, a belief known as patternism . [ 1 ] Especially the Luwian pantheon exerted a strong influence on the ancient Greek religion , while Assyro-Babylonian religion influenced Achaemenid -era Zoroastrianism and Judaism .Mesopotamian religion refers to the religious beliefs and practices followed by the Sumerian and Akkadian ( Assyrian / Babylonian ) peoples living in Mesopotamia (around the area of modern Iraq ) that dominated the region for a period of 4200 years from the fourth millennium BC to approximately the 3rd century AD. [ 1 ] Christianity began to take root among the Mesopotamians in the 1st century AD, and over the next 300 years the native religion largely died out. However, it is known that the god Ashur was still worshipped in Assyria as late as the 4th Century AD and it is rumoured that Ashurism was still practiced by tiny minorities in northern Assyria (around Harran ) until the 17th Century AD. Commonly thought of as a form of paganism , Mesopotamian religion was polytheistic , worshipping over 2000 different deities, [ 2 ] many of which were associated with a specific city or state within Mesopotamia such as Sumer , Akkad , Assyria , Assur , Nineveh , Ur , Uruk , Mari and Babylon .

