Organic Chemistry at Penn State: Reactions. Chemistry Portal.
How twitching frog legs and salt work. Whether it's a bright blue poison dart frog or a brown, warty toad, a frog's survival is all about water. Most frogs begin their lives as jelly-like eggs that need moisture to develop. The eggs hatch into aquatic tadpoles, which breathe through gills. As the tadpoles grow, they develop lungs and gain the ability to breathe air. But frogs' need for water doesn't dry up once they're on land. Frogs get virtually all of their water and part of their oxygen through their skin, and this process only works if their skin stays moist. If a frog's skin dries out, it can't get enough oxygen or get rid of enough carbon dioxide, and it dies. So it should come as no surprise that frogs have developed some interesting adaptations to cope with their lifelong need for water. But frogs' adaptations aren't all about water or reproduction. Jeremy Jackson: How we wrecked the ocean.
Going Green!
Epic driftwood: Monster tree washes ashore. Scientists Discover The Oldest, Largest Body Of Water In Existence--In Space. Scientists have found the biggest and oldest reservoir of water ever--so large and so old, it’s almost impossible to describe. The water is out in space, a place we used to think of as desolate and desert dry, but it's turning out to be pretty lush. Researchers found a lake of water so large that it could provide each person on Earth an entire planet’s worth of water--20,000 times over. Yes, so much water out there in space that it could supply each one of us all the water on Earth--Niagara Falls, the Pacific Ocean, the polar ice caps, the puddle in the bottom of the canoe you forgot to flip over--20,000 times over. The water is in a cloud around a huge black hole that is in the process of sucking in matter and spraying out energy (such an active black hole is called a quasar), and the waves of energy the black hole releases make water by literally knocking hydrogen and oxygen atoms together.
The new cloud of water is enough to supply 28 galaxies with water. Remote Antarctic island is 'richer in biodiversity than the Galapagos' Antarctica's remote South Georgia Island boasts 90 percent of the world's fur seals, half of the world's elephant seals, is navigated by vast populations of blue whales, sperm whales and killer whales, and has beaches that can be packed shoulder-to-shoulder with nesting penguins. In total, it contains nearly 1,500 recorded species, many of which are found nowhere else on Earth. It's difficult to believe that until recently, this biological treasure was believed to be nothing more than an "inhospitable lump of rock. " In fact, researchers now believe that South Georgia Island contains more species than anywhere else in the Southern Ocean, and may be the most biologically diverse remote island in the world — even more diverse than the storied Galapagos Islands, according to the Independent.
"It shows you don't have to be a tropical island or in a hot part of the world to support a lot of marine life. The types of marine life around the island vary immensely. Evolution. Evidence. EVOLUTION IN ACTION. The Shape of Life. List of cognitive biases. In psychology and cognitive science, cognitive biases are systematic patterns of deviation from norm and/or rationality in judgment.[1][2] They are often studied in psychology, sociology and behavioral economics.[1] A memory bias is a cognitive bias that either enhances or impairs the recall of a memory (either the chances that the memory will be recalled at all, or the amount of time it takes for it to be recalled, or both), or that alters the content of a reported memory.
Explanations include information-processing rules (i.e., mental shortcuts), called heuristics, that the brain uses to produce decisions or judgments. Biases have a variety of forms and appear as cognitive ("cold") bias, such as mental noise,[3] or motivational ("hot") bias, such as when beliefs are distorted by wishful thinking. Both effects can be present at the same time.[4][5] Although this research overwhelmingly involves human subjects, some studies have found bias in non-human animals as well. Estimation Baseline. Cognitive Bias. Genetically modified food. Genetically modified foods (or GM foods) are foods produced from organisms that have had specific changes introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering. These techniques have allowed for the introduction of new crop traits as well as a far greater control over a food's genetic structure than previously afforded by methods such as selective breeding and mutation breeding.[1] Commercial sale of genetically modified foods began in 1994, when Calgene first marketed its Flavr Savr delayed ripening tomato.[2] To date, most genetic modification of foods have primarily focused on cash crops in high demand by farmers such as soybean, corn, canola, and cotton seed oil.
These have been engineered for resistance to pathogens and herbicides and better nutrient profiles. GM livestock have also been experimentally developed, although as of November 2013 none are currently on the market.[3] History Method of production Foods with protein or DNA remaining from GMOs Fruits and vegetables. Biology. The Body's Secret Army. <object classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" width="720" height="405" id="AkamaiMediaPlayer"><param name="movie" value="AkamaiMediaPlayer.swf"><param name="quality" value="high"><param name="bgcolor" value="#111111"><param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><! --[if ! IE]>--><object type="application/x-shockwave-flash" data="AkamaiMediaPlayer.swf" width="720" height="405"><param name="quality" value="high"><param name="bgcolor" value="#111111"><param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><!
--<! [endif]--><! This half hour documentary explores the groundbreaking discoveries awarded the Nobel Prize that have contributed to recent advancements within immunology. To cite this pageMLA style: "Video Player". On 27 November 1895 Alfred Nobel signed his last will in Paris. Try to save some patients and learn about human blood types! The Control of the Cell Cycle. Home of CELLS alive! Nerve Signaling. Lists of Nobel Prizes and Laureates Nerve Signaling Play the Nerve Signaling Game About About the nerve signaling production. Read More » The Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine have rewarded several achievements that helped to reveal the mysterious complexities of the nervous system. Readings "Nerve Signaling: Tracing the Wiring of Life"» Watch a 1 minute video about the Nerve Signaling production » This production is part of the AstraZeneca Nobel Medicine Initiative.
Share this: Share on facebook Share on google_plusone_share Share on twitter More Sharing Services15 Share on email To cite this pageMLA style: "Nerve Signaling". Recommended: The Legacy of Alfred Nobel On 27 November 1895 Alfred Nobel signed his last will in Paris. Play the Blood Typing Game Try to save some patients and learn about human blood types! Unlocking the Secrets of Our Cells Discover the 2012 awarded research on stem cells and cell signalling. Contact E-mail us Press Sitemap A-Z Index Frequently Asked Questions. Artificial pancreas gives girl a vacation from diabetes. Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation funding 13 artificial pancreas trialsIn the future, the device will be the size of a cell phone, attached to a beltAlgorithms determine how much insulin and Glucagon the patient needs Portsmouth, New Hampshire (CNN) -- At 3:30 a.m., Stefany Shaheen awoke to a feeling of uneasiness.
Something was not quite right with her daughter, Elle. Creeping into her bedroom, Shaheen removed a lancet from its wrapper and poked her diabetic daughter's finger. Putting the blood onto the testing strip, she saw the results: dangerously low blood sugar. Shaheen woke Elle up and gave her orange juice to keep her from slipping into unconsciousness.
Shaheen was relieved her motherly intuition had told her something was wrong with Elle that night, but she wished she didn't have to rely on it. Elizabeth Cohen is a senior medical correspondent for CNN. Then last week, Shaheen got her wish. Artificial pancreas a 'game changer' "It's looking incredibly promising," Kowalski says. Diabetes and Insulin. VCAC: Cellular Processes: Electron Transport Chain: The Movie. Learn.Genetics™ The PCR Method - a DNA Copying Machine. Lists of Nobel Prizes and Laureates The PCR Method - a DNA Copying Machine Play the Eye of the Donkey Game About the game PCR is a method by which a few fragments of DNA can be duplicated into millions in a couple of hours.
This makes PCR a very useful method in, amongst other fields, forensic science. Read More » The Nobel Prize The 1993 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded for the invention of PCR, a method that made it possible to copy a large numbers of DNA fragments in only a few hours. Share this: Share on facebook Share on google_plusone_share Share on twitter More Sharing Services Share on email To cite this pageMLA style: "The PCR Method - a DNA Copying Machine". Recommended: The Legacy of Alfred Nobel On 27 November 1895 Alfred Nobel signed his last will in Paris.
Play the Blood Typing Game Try to save some patients and learn about human blood types! Unlocking the Secrets of Our Cells Discover the 2012 awarded research on stem cells and cell signalling. Contact E-mail us Press Sitemap Terms. Pavlov's Dog. Lists of Nobel Prizes and Laureates Pavlov's Dog Play the Pavlov's Dog Game About the game Conditioned reflexes are reflexes you can learn compared to unconditioned reflexes that are built-in, or natural.
The Nobel Prize This production explores the scientific achievements of Ivan Pavlov, awarded with the 1904 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his pioneering studies of how the digestive system works. Reading Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1849-1936) » Share this: Share on facebook Share on google_plusone_share Share on twitter More Sharing Services Share on email To cite this pageMLA style: "Pavlov's Dog". Recommended: The Legacy of Alfred Nobel On 27 November 1895 Alfred Nobel signed his last will in Paris. Play the Blood Typing Game Try to save some patients and learn about human blood types! Unlocking the Secrets of Our Cells Discover the 2012 awarded research on stem cells and cell signalling. Contact E-mail us Press Sitemap A-Z Index Frequently Asked Questions Terms Follow Follow us: Follow us: Facebook. The New Science of Addiction: Genetics and the Brain.