History. Les conflits ethniques en Birmanie. Alors que la Birmanie semblait sur la voie de l’apaisement et d’un processus démocratique, les conflits ethniques ressurgissent. Ces dernières semaines ont été marquées par un renouveau des massacres de musulmans à l’ouest du pays, qui ont repris depuis 2012. Mais la Birmanie connaît des conflits ethniques depuis sa création et qui s’amplifient malgré la rhétorique démocratique du gouvernement.
Femme birmane La guerre civile de Birmanie On parle le plus souvent en Birmanie d’un conflit armé birman que d’une guerre civile. Malgré le soutien de forces étrangères pendant la guerre froide – les Karen ont par exemple reçu le soutien britannique dès 1949 – la junte militaire a écrasé dans le sang la plupart des rébellions. Des factions armées religieuses ont également pris part à la lutte contre la junte militaire birmane, telles que l’Armée de Dieu, chrétienne, ou des factions de Rohingyas, musulmans. 1988 est une nouvelle année de soulèvement. Les Rohingyas en Birmanie. Sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Conflits armes lumiere sur la RDC.pdf. Sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Conflits armes lumiere sur la RDC.pdf.
Rébellion et religion au Yémen. La base sociale des soutiens des houthistes est variée : l’ancienne aristocratie hachémite se revendiquant de la descendance du prophète Mohammed et qui avait, sous le règne de l’imamat zaydite, le monopole du leadership politique et religieux, mais surtout nombre de tribus de la région de Saada, liées en particulier à la confédération tribale Bakil.
Afin de légitimer son effort de guerre, l’État s’est lui-même engagé dans une stigmatisation du zaydisme et de ses expressions. La répression, les bombardements indiscriminés lors des différents cycles de la guerre ont fait plusieurs dizaines de milliers de victimes, entraîné des destructions importantes et généré une nouvelle dynamique identitaire. Sur le plan militaire, les rebelles houthistes ont fait mieux que résister. L’intervention militaire saoudienne en 2009 n’a pas même changé la donne. Longtemps sur la défensive et objet de discriminations évidentes, le zaydisme s’incarne de plus en plus dans une démarche offensive. MEMRITV - The Middle East Media Research Institute. Gang Members from Los Angeles Join the Fray in Syria, Fighting alongside the Regime.
Les vrais chiffres du terrorisme en Europe, bien loin des perceptions. ANALYSE Il existe une différence entre le nombre d'attentats islamistes commis en Europe et la perception qu'en a l'opinion publique... Anne-Laëtitia Béraud Créé le Mis à jour le Mots-clés Aucun mot-clé Le terrorisme islamiste a été rapidement pointé du doigt par certains médias et experts après l'attentat d'Oslo et la tuerie de l'île d'Uetoya, vendredi dernier, ce qui était faux. La perception des actes terroristes en Europe apparaît troublée. Attentats de Madrid en mars 2004, 191 morts; attentats de Londres du 7 juillet 2005, 56 morts, puis du 21 juillet dans la même ville… Le point commun entre ces attaques est la revendication islamiste, et le traumatisme qu’elles ont entraîné dans les pays européens. Marqués par les attentats du World Trade Center à New York en 2001, les pays occidentaux se sont depuis lors attachés à prévenir les attaques spécifiquement islamistes.
Attaques meurtrières commises par des anarchistes, l’extrême gauche et ETA. Negative Attitudes toward the United States in the Muslim World: Do They Matter? Negative Attitudes toward the United States in the Muslim World: Do They Matter? May 17, 2007 Testimony of Dr. Steven Kull Director, Program on International Policy Attitudes (PIPA), University of Maryland Editor, WorldPublicOpinion.org May 17, 2007 – 2:00 PM Before House Committee on Foreign Affairs, Subcommittee on International Organizations, Human Rights, and Oversight Transcript of hearingWebcast of hearing As I discussed the last time I testified to this subcommittee, in the world as a whole negative views of the United States have increased sharply in recent years. Today I will focus on attitudes in the Muslim world. The question I wish to address today is whether this is important. In particular I want to address the question of whether negative feelings toward the US have an important impact on the US effort to deal with al Qaeda and its related groups.
In this context some have argued that what is important is not that people in the region like the US, but that they fear it. Most Victims of Islamic Terrorism are Muslims... And Why America is to Blame For It. (Updated – see below) Following the 9/11 attacks, President George Bush signed into law the Patriot Act and the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act (IRTPA), both of which gave “the government sweeping authority to spy on individuals inside the United States.” IRTPA also established the National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC), which began publishing annual terrorism reports since 2005.
The 2011 report, released to the public last week, ominously warned of “the persistent treat terrorism poses.” Yet, the NCTC’s own data belies its predetermined conclusions: the threat of terrorism to the average American is virtually non-existent. In the entire year of 2011, exactly zero civilians in the U.S. were killed by terrorism. The same is the case across the pond: Europol has released yearly terrorism reports since 2006. In other words, the threat of Islamic terrorism in the Western world is very minimal. Muslims should be grateful to us for fighting for them against the Bad Guys. Pourquoi les talibans ont attaqué l'école de Peshawar. Greater Middle East: the US plan.
THE Bush administration justified the invasion of Iraq on three pretexts. The first was the war on terror declared after 11 September 2001; against all the evidence, Saddam Hussein was presented in the United States as an accomplice, if not a sponsor, of Osama bin Laden. The second argument was the threat of weapons of mass destruction. We now know that the information the US and the United Kingdom provided about this subject was untruthful. As the first two faded, a third grew in import ance: Washington promised to make Iraq so attractive a democratic model that it would set an example to the entire Middle East. This argument, advanced with the other two since the campaign against Baghdad began, has been spread most zealously by the Bush administration’s neo-conservative friends, active in Pentagon circles (1).
This argument garnered support from some Clinton-era proponents of humanitarian war, who continued to back a strong-arm approach under Bush.
Rich / Poor Conflicts. Introduction In the age of globalization, the gap between high and low income countries is not only persisting, but in many cases it is widening, as the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)[1] has shown in its study of Luxembourg. While the existence of such a divide is unquestionable, its origins, structure, and consequences are not. Could one, for example, securely say that income gaps lead to conflict? Is it possible to relate intractability to this divide? Poverty, Inequality and Welfare Poverty: Poverty has been approached in both absolute and relative terms. Inequality: For those concerned with social policies and economic growth, inequality is normally interpreted as lack of equality of condition, that is lack of achievement of any given welfare indicator (e.g. income, consumption) or any valuable attribute of a population.
Welfare: It has a much broader meaning, referring to the general state of well-being that an "entity" enjoys. The damage is twofold. When do inequalities cause conflict? History has shown that large inequalities in wealth and income persist and do not always lead to rebellion and conflict. In fact, very often they do not. Thus, the question of how inequality relates to conflict remains. A review of the literature shows that some inequalities matter more than others. Inequalities can occur between individuals, creating social classes, but also between countries and between cultural or ethnic groups. Inequality between countries Looking at inequality between countries essentially means looking at poverty. Afgooye, a town to the west of Mogadishu, Somalia, 2012. For instance, in the Democratic Republic of Congo, a senior officer’s salary is less than $100 a month and often goes unpaid.
Social cohesion Read more Bunia, D.R Congo, 2006. Inequality within countries But can inequality within a country also cause conflict? So do the poor rebel against the rich to acquire wealth, and do the rich fight against the poor to protect their wealth? Reinout Meijnen Prof. Social Dominance Orientation and the Legitimization of Inequality Across Cultures. Peter Hegarty The authors tested three hypotheses from social dominance theory in four cultures: (a) that individual differences in social dominance orientation (SDO), or the preference for group-based inequality, can be reliably measured in societies that are group-based hegemonies; (b) that SDO correlates positively with attitudes supporting hegemonic groups and correlates negatively with attitudes supporting oppressed groups; and (c) that men are higher on SDO than women. For the most part, the results confirmed the hypotheses. SDO scales were internally reliable and were administered in English, Chinese, and Hebrew.
SDO scores correlated with sexism, measured in culturally appropriate ways, in every culture, and with ethnic prejudice and other attitudes concerning the local hegemony except in China. In Germany, Anti-American Sentiment Fuels Push to Tread Softly on Ukraine. Egypt–United States relations. Egypt–United States relations refers to the current and historical relationship between Egypt and the United States. The U.S. had minimal dealings with Egypt when it was controlled by the Ottoman Empire (before 1882) and Britain (1882–1945). President Gamal Abdel-Nasser (1952–70) antagonized the U.S. by his pro-Soviet policies and anti-Israeli rhetoric, but the U.S. helped keep him in power by forcing Britain and France to immediately end their invasion in 1956. American policy has been to provide strong support to military dictatorships that supported U.S. and Israeli interests in the region, especially presidents Anwar Sadat (1970–81) and Hosni Mubarak (1981–2011).
Support for Mubarak ended during the "Arab Spring" of 2011, shortly prior to his overthrow. 1950s[edit] In 1956, the U.S. was alarmed at the closer ties between Egypt and the Soviet Union, and prepared the OMEGA Memorandum as a stick to reduce the regional power of President Gamal Abdel Nasser. 1973-2011[edit] U.S. Social Dominance Orientation, Authoritarianism, and Support for Intergroup Violence Between the Middle East and America - Henry - 2005 - Political Psychology.
Racism. Huntington. Pew Global. Www.hsrgroup.org/docs/Publications/HSR2005/2005HumanSecurityReport-Part5-DramaticDeclineArmedConflict.pdf. Page. Causes and Solutions for Peace. | Thought Economics. In this article, we speak to Kristiina Rintakoski, Executive Director of the Crisis Management Initiative (launched by Nobel Prize winner President Martti Ahtisaari) about global conflict, its relationship with economic inequality, climate change and energy. We talk about the dynamics of conflict and crisis situations, and how organisations like CMI are building peace internationally. Vikas Shah, Thought Economics, July 2009 Perhaps more than at any time in our history, our world is engaged in conflict. From the UK and USA engaged at war in Afghanistan and Iraq, through to insurgencies in Algeria, Burma and Columbia, civil wars in African nations, and conflict between people in China, Iran and Israel, we see that we are in a fragile landscape.
Over the past century, a number of facets of humanities development have contributed to this, including: Agriculture and Energy: Our world is hugely dependent on agriculture and energy. In a privileged interview we spoke to Mrs. On Threats: John F. Doctrine Bush. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. La Doctrine Bush est une phrase utilisée pour décrire certains principes de politique étrangère mis en oeuvre par l'ancien président américain George W. Bush. Si sa première mention est attribuée à l'éditorialiste Charles Krauthammer dans un article paru en juin 2001[1],[2] en référence au retrait unilatéral des traités ABM et de Kyoto, elle a de fait été essentiellement codifiée en septembre 2002 dans un document du gouvernement intitulé « The National Security Strategy of the United States of America »[3].
Cette stratégie de sécurité nationale de l'administration Bush prône le maintien de la suprématie militaire américaine dans le monde et son usage, via la guerre préventive si nécessaire, pour entre autres empêcher la diffusion d'armes de destruction massive et favoriser la diffusion des droits de l'Homme et de la liberté[4]. Elle vise, en particulier, la refondation du monde arabe en « Grand Moyen-Orient ». (en) The new american empire. Islamic State: What has Kobane battle taught us? 16 October 2014Last updated at 13:40 ET Kobane has been hit by dozens of airstrikes After a month of fighting, defenders of Kobane say Islamic State (IS) has been virtually driven out of the Syrian town. So what has been learned from this battle? 1. Kobane is not "strategically" important. At least not in the classic sense of that word. The primary importance of Kobane, a town populated by Kurds on the border with Turkey, lies in the scale of human misery that the battle and its displacement of 250,000 people has created.
This has had knock-on effects on the Kurdish relationship with Turkey, where most of those people have gone. Turkey has been trying to push forward a peace process with its own Kurdish population following a long insurgency. The battle has also aggravated Turkey's relationships with its allies. Watch Mark Urban's Newsnight film on the battle for Kobane 2. As far as the US-led coalition is concerned, Syria comes second, for the time being at least. 3. 4. 5. 2005HumanSecurityReport-Part5-DramaticDeclineArmedConflict.pdf. Civilization Grafting: No Culture is an Island.
The end of the Cold War has indeed brought about a new phase in world politics, yet its impact is not unidirectional. The tense confrontation between the two armed camps has disappeared and in this sense ideological conflict seems to have come to an end, for the moment. But conflicts of economic and political interests are becoming more and more common among the major nations of the world, and more and more tense. Neither civilization nor culture has become the "fundamental source of conflict in this new world.
" The new world is beginning to resemble the one in which I grew up in the 1930s. Of course, tremendous changes have taken place; nonetheless there are increasing similarities. The Cold War has ended, but hot wars rage in more than thirty countries and regions. For most countries the task is not to demarcate civilizations but to mix and meld them. To continue reading, please log in. Don't have an account? Register Register now to get two articles each month. Have an account? Le Mans. Un homme interné après avoir crié "Allah Akbar" Lundi matin, les policiers ont interpellé un homme qui était en train de dégrader des décorations de Noël en centre-ville du Mans. Il a alors tenté de prendre l'arme des policiers et a même crié « Allah Akbar », la fameuse formule imputée aux forcenés de Joué-lès-Tours et de Dijon. « Allah Akbar », c'est « Dieu est grand » en arabe.
L'individu a aussitôt été placé en garde à vue. Son état mental, rapidement jugé déficient, a nécessité son placement au centre hospitalier spécialisé d'Allonnes. C'est un phénomène qui n'est pas isolé au Mans et qui est très surveillé par la police nationale. Cette dernière craint un effet de contagion. +Vigipirate : renforcement des mesures de vigilance. France: Muslim destroys Christmas decorations, screams “Allahu akbar” Hans Kundnani | Germany Looks to Russia and China. Islam's women fight for their rights. A Criticism of Huntington's "Clash of Civilizations" | Darin Swan. Europe's New Far Right. « Plus de 80 % des victimes du djihadisme sont des musulmans » A Criticism of Huntington's "Clash of Civilizations" | Darin Swan.