Adivasi. Adivasi is an umbrella term for a heterogeneous set of ethnic and tribal groups claimed to be the aboriginal population of India.[1][2][3] They comprise a substantial indigenous minority of the population of India.
The same term Adivasi is used for the ethnic minorities of Bangladesh and the native Vedda people of Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ආදී වාස).[4] The word is also used in the same sense in Nepal as is another word janajati (Nepali: जनजाति; janajāti), although the political context differed historically under the Shah and Rana dynasties. Adivasi societies are particularly present in Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal and some north-eastern states, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Many smaller tribal groups are quite sensitive to ecological degradation caused by modernisation. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Centre Of Advanced Study - Department of History - Aligarh Muslim University » Prof. Iqtidar Alam Khan. Publications.
Ayutthaya Historical Park. The head of Buddha in Wat Mahathat In 1969 the Fine Arts Department began with renovations of the ruins, which became more serious after it was declared a historical park in 1976.
The park was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1981.[2] Thirty-five kings ruled the Ayutthaya kingdom during its existence. King Narai (1656 CE to 1688 CE) not only held court in Ayutthaya but also from his palace in the nearby city of Lopburi, from where he ruled 8–9 months in the year. [relevant? Web Map Service (WMS) from Survey of India OSM Data for Delhi. Aew1. ANCIENT EASTERN WORLD, I: India TEXTS -- The Bhagavad-Gita: Krishna's Counsel in Time of War, trans.
Barbara S. Niyoga. Niyoga (Sanskrit: नियोग) is an ancient Hindu tradition, in which a woman (whose husband is either incapable of fatherhood or has died without having a child) would request and appoint a person for helping her bear a child.
According to this Hindu tradition the man who was appointed must be or would most likely be a revered person. There were various clauses associated with this process, as follows: Janapada. The Janapadas (Sanskrit: जनपद pronounced [dʒənəpəd̪ə]) were the major realms republics or kingdoms of Vedic (Iron Age) India which, by the 6th century BC, which is divided into the sixteen classical Mahajanapadas.
Etymology[edit] The term janapada is a compound (or tatpurusha) term, composed of janas "people" or "subject" (cf. Latin cognate genus, English cognate kin) and pada "foot" (cf. Latin cognate pedis).[1][2] From its earliest attestation, the word has had a double meaning of "realm, territory" and "subject population". India Maps. Surkh Kotal. Annual Conference on South Asia. Agnicayana. The Atiratra Agnicayana (ati-rātrá agní-cayana "the building up of the fireplace performed overnight") or Athirathram (Malayalam: അതിരാത്രം); the piling of the altar of Agni is a Śrauta ritual of the Vedic religion, the predecessor of modern day Hinduism which is considered to be the greatest ritual as per the Vedic ritual hierarchy.[1] It is also the world's oldest surviving ritual.[2] Its mantras and theological explanations in the Brahmana texts are first attested in the Yajurveda Samhitas (Taittiriya, Kathaka; Vajasaneyi).
The practice of this ritual was generally discontinued among Brahmins by the late Vedic period, during the rise of Jainism and Buddhism in India. Nevertheless, a continuous, unbroken 3,000 year tradition has been found to exist among a few Nambudiri Brahmin families in Kerala, South India. Overview[edit] Islamic Civilization in South Asia: A History of Muslim Power and Presence in the Indian Subcontinent. Full text of "Materia Medica of Ayurveda" Islam in South Asia: resources for study. Dhanvantari. The earliest practitioner[edit] Sri Dhanvantari is the deity (17th incarnation of Lord Vishnu) of health care practitioners such, persons have taken the name "Dhanvantari" in connection with their attempts at medical interventions.
One such Dhanvantari was an early Indian medical practitioner and one of the world’s first surgeons. Manifestations of Shiva with Professor Diana Eck. Sikhism. Jainism: Jain Principles, History, Resources, History. On www.jainsamaj.org ( Jainism, Ahimsa News, Religion, Non-Violence, Culture, Vegetarianism, Meditation, India. ) Medicine in Buddhist and Jaina TraditionsBy Mr.
Pankaj Goyal It is believed that Lord Buddha showed the path of liberation from disease and death and due to this reason he is also known as the great physician (Mahabhisak). He propounded the four noble truths that are nothing but medical logic. These four noble truths include disease, its cause, treatment and its ways and are collectively known as Aryasatyacatustaya. Ancient Indian Medicine. Contents: Foreword Preface Preface to the Second Edition General Introduction I Ancient Indian Anatomy II Physiology III The Doctrine of Tridosa IV Aetiology, Classification and Pathology of Diseases V Diagnosis and Prognosis VI Materia Medica VII Treatment VIII Surgery in Ancient India Ophthalmology IX Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Paediatrics Notes and References Appendix I Glossary Appendix II Chronological Table Index This book, a result of years of study, aims at satisfying a long-felt need for an accurate and comprehensive picture of ancient Indian medicine.
The ancient Indian medical classics written in Sanskrit remained inaccessible to any hut Sanskrit scholars. Sanskrit: artha. Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend. The Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend (2002) is a book written by Anna L. Dallapiccola, and contains information on over one thousand concepts, characters, and places of Hindu mythology and Hinduism, one of the major religions of the Indian subcontinent. The writer has remained associated with the university of Heidelberg, Germany as a Professor of Indian Art; with the University of Edinburgh, Great Britain as Honorary Professor; and with De Montfort University, Leicester as a Visiting Professor. She is a Fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society. Presentation[edit] Yajna. A yajna being performed. In Hinduism, yajña (Sanskrit: यज्ञ; IAST: yajña, also transliterated yagya or yadnya) or yagam (Tamil: யாகம்), is a ritual of offerings accompanied by chanting of Vedic mantras (also "worship, prayer, praise, offering and oblation, sacrifice" according to Monier-Williams) derived from the practice in Vedic times.
Yajna is an ancient ritual of offering and sublimating the havana sámagri (herbal preparations) in the fire. The sublime meaning of the word yajna is derived from the Sanskrit verb yaj, which has a three-fold meaning of worship of deities (devapujana), unity (saògatikaraña) and charity (dána).[1] An essential element is the ritual fire – the divine Agni – into which oblations are poured, as everything that is offered into the fire is believed to reach God. The term yajna is linguistically (but not functionally) cognate with Zoroastrian (Ahura) Yasna. Unlike Vedic Yajna, Zoroastrian Yasna has "to do with water rather than fire". Rituals[edit] Types[edit] Sikhism in India. Prominent Sikhs in India[edit] Though Sikhs are a small minority in India, the community occupies a significant place in the country. The current Prime Minister of India, Dr. Manmohan Singh[2] is a Sikh, as is former President of India Giani Zail Singh. Almost every council of ministers in India has included Sikh representatives.
Sikhs are also conspicuous in the Indian army, primarily because they formed the sword arm of the British empire. Gurdwara Bangla Sahib A Sikh place of worship is called Gurdwara. Islam in South Asia: an Introduction (Columbia Univ. course)