The Lions of Little Rock - Book Trailer. Magic Square. A magic square is a square array of numbers consisting of the distinct positive integers 1, 2, ..., arranged such that the sum of the numbers in any horizontal, vertical, or main diagonal line is always the same number (Kraitchik 1942, p. 142; Andrews 1960, p. 1; Gardner 1961, p. 130; Madachy 1979, p. 84; Benson and Jacoby 1981, p. 3; Ball and Coxeter 1987, p. 193), known as the magic constant If every number in a magic square is subtracted from , another magic square is obtained called the complementary magic square. The unique normal square of order three was known to the ancient Chinese, who called it the Lo Shu. The magic constant for an th order general magic square starting with an integer and with entries in an increasing arithmetic series with difference between terms is (Hunter and Madachy 1975). , 2, ... are 1, 0, 1, 880, 275305224, ... Magic squares was computed by R. Squares is not known, but Pinn and Wieczerkowski (1998) estimated it to be by its square , and . .
Is to draw with rows of. Magic squares. Women's Emergency Committee to Open Our Schools. The Women's Emergency Committee to Open Our Schools (WEC) was an organization formed by a group of socially prominent white women in the city of Little Rock, Arkansas during the Little Rock Crisis in 1958. The organization advocated for the integration of the Little Rock public school system and was a major obstacle to Governor Orval Faubus's efforts to prevent racial integration. The women spoke out in favor of a special election to remove segregationists from the Little Rock school board. The organization was co-founded by Adolphine Fletcher Terry, Vivion Brewer, and Velma Powell. Books[edit] Breaking the Silence: The Little Rock Women's Emergency Committee to Open Our Schools, 1958–1964, by Sara Morphy, 1997, (ISBN 1-55728-456-3) Adapted from the article Women's Emergency Committee to Open Our Schools, from Wikinfo, licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
Documentary Film: Women's Emergency Committee to Open Our Schools, by Sandra Habbard, 1997. External links[edit] Emmett Till Biography. The murder of 14-year-old Emmett Till on August 28, 1955, galvanized the emerging Civil Rights Movement. Synopsis Fourteen-year-old Emmett Till was visiting relatives in Money, Mississippi, on August 24, 1955, when he reportedly flirted with a white cashier at a grocery store. Four days later, two white men kidnapped Till, beat him and shot him in the head. The men were tried for murder, but an all-white, male jury acquitted them. Till's murder and open casket funeral galvanized the emerging Civil Rights Movement. Background Emmett Louis Till was born on July 25, 1941, in Chicago, Illinois, the only child of Louis and Mamie Till.
Emmett Till's mother was, by all accounts, an extraordinary woman. Emmett Till, who went by the nickname Bobo, grew up in a thriving, middle-class black neighborhood on Chicago's South Side. With his mother often working more than 12-hour days, Till took on his full share of domestic responsibilities from a very young age. Emmett Till Murder Trial "J.W. Videos. Women’s Emergency Committee to Open Our Schools (WEC) The Women’s Emergency Committee to Open Our Schools (WEC) was formed on September 12, 1958, to combat the governor’s closing of Little Rock (Pulaski County) high schools. The first meeting of the organization was held on September 16.
During the summer after the 1957 desegregation crisis at Central High School in Little Rock, Governor Orval Faubus invoked a recently passed state law and closed the schools to prevent further desegregation. The WEC became the first organization to publicly support reopening the schools under the district’s desegregation plan. It remained active until 1963. Forty-eight women met in September 1958 in the antebellum home of Adolphine Fletcher Terry, the widow of U.S. WEC members continued their efforts.
After the loss of the initial election, the WEC refocused its energies, sending out flyers and purchasing newspaper advertisements in support of the schools. WEC members remained vigilant against threats to public education. Gates, Lorraine. Miller, Laura A. 100 Years of History. W.E.B. DuBois | Charles Hamilton Houston | Oscar Micheaux | Harry T. and Harriette Moore | Martin Luther King, Jr. | Rosa Parks | Medgar Evers | Myrlie Evers-Williams | James Weldon Johnson | Mary White Ovington | Roy Wilkins | Carter G. Woodson Anti-Lynching Bill | Costigan-Wagner Bill | Voting Rights Act | Lift Ev'ry Voice and Sing Founded Feb. 12. 1909, the NAACP is the nation's oldest, largest and most widely recognized grassroots-based civil rights organization.
Its more than half-million members and supporters throughout the United States and the world are the premier advocates for civil rights in their communities, campaigning for equal opportunity and conducting voter mobilization. Founding group The NAACP was formed partly in response to the continuing horrific practice of lynching and the 1908 race riot in Springfield, the capital of Illinois and resting place of President Abraham Lincoln.
Johnson stepped down as secretary in 1930 and was succeeded by Walter F. Dr.