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Cognition

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The Brain &/or Psyche. Cognitive Science C127, 001, Psychology C127, 001|Fall 2009|UC Berkeley - Download free content from UC Berkeley. Button Phobia | 10 Most Common Phobias. A button phobia may sound harmless or strange, but it is a condition that affects many more people than one would think. It is a result of an improper brain function, which controls fear and anxiety triggers, and causes the brain to determine that buttons are a fear causing stimuli. Button phobias are not just simply a dislike of buttons, but a serious and consuming fear of them. Cases of button phobia differ in severity and how they affect individuals, and some cases can be extremely severe. In any case, this condition is no laughing matter, but a serious phobia. The scientific name for a button phobia is Koumpounophobia. It is known as an irrational phobia or a condition where something harmless causes the brain to react to it as if it was a dangerous or life threatening thing.

It is thought to affect 1 in 75,000 people worldwide. Button phobias also solicit different reactions from different people. Treatment for phobias usually involves two types of therapies. Perception. Since the rise of experimental psychology in the 19th Century, psychology's understanding of perception has progressed by combining a variety of techniques.[3] Psychophysics quantitatively describes the relationships between the physical qualities of the sensory input and perception.[5] Sensory neuroscience studies the brain mechanisms underlying perception. Perceptual systems can also be studied computationally, in terms of the information they process.

Perceptual issues in philosophy include the extent to which sensory qualities such as sound, smell or color exist in objective reality rather than in the mind of the perceiver.[3] The perceptual systems of the brain enable individuals to see the world around them as stable, even though the sensory information is typically incomplete and rapidly varying. Human and animal brains are structured in a modular way, with different areas processing different kinds of sensory information. Process and terminology[edit] Perception and reality[edit] Top 10 Common Faults In Human Thought. Humans The human mind is a wonderful thing. Cognition, the act or process of thinking, enables us to process vast amounts of information quickly. For example, every time your eyes are open, you brain is constantly being bombarded with stimuli.

You may be consciously thinking about one specific thing, but you brain is processing thousands of subconscious ideas. Unfortunately, our cognition is not perfect, and there are certain judgment errors that we are prone to making, known in the field of psychology as cognitive biases. They happen to everybody regardless of age, gender, education, intelligence, or other factors. Some of them are well known, others not, but all of them are interesting. The Gambler’s fallacy is the tendency to think that future probabilities are altered by past events, when in reality, they are not. Reactivity is the tendency of people to act or appear differently when they know that they are being observed. Self-fulfilling Prophecy Escalation of Commitment. 15 Styles of Distorted Thinking.

12 Tips for “Psychological Selling” Gestalt Principles of Perception. Top 10 Thinking Traps Exposed. Our minds set up many traps for us. Unless we’re aware of them, these traps can seriously hinder our ability to think rationally, leading us to bad reasoning and making stupid decisions. Features of our minds that are meant to help us may, eventually, get us into trouble.

Here are the first 5 of the most harmful of these traps and how to avoid each one of them. 1. The Anchoring Trap: Over-Relying on First Thoughts “Is the population of Turkey greater than 35 million? Lesson: Your starting point can heavily bias your thinking: initial impressions, ideas, estimates or data “anchor” subsequent thoughts. This trap is particularly dangerous as it’s deliberately used in many occasions, such as by experienced salesmen, who will show you a higher-priced item first, “anchoring” that price in your mind, for example. What can you do about it? Always view a problem from different perspectives. 2. Consider the status quo as just another alternative. 3.

Be OK with making mistakes. 4. 5.