Electricity. Ecology. Geology. Physics. Biology. Chemistry. Night thunderstorms: Top things to know. Cloud-to-ground lightning might be common when thunderstorms happen after dark. Photo credit: NOAA A team of atmospheric scientists are studying thunderstorms that strike at night as part of the Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) project. According to the researchers, a substantial fraction of the total precipitation in severe weather events can be attributed to these nighttime events. Here the PECAN researchers address a few top questions about nighttime thunderstorms. In what parts of the U.
In the plains of the U.S. during June and July, thunderstorms most often form during the night around midnight when most people are sleeping and it is much cooler than during the day. Photo credit: NOAA Are thunderstorms at night more dangerous than thunderstorms during the day? All thunderstorms produce dangerous lightning, both during the day and at night. What are the main weather hazards from nocturnal thunderstorms? What should people do to prepare for nocturnal thunderstorms? Winter Science: The Subnivean Zone - MyNorth.com. RefugeTo the subnivean! Say you’re a tiny mouse sitting atop the snow in Vanderbilt, Michigan, on February 9, 1934 – place and date of the state’s coldest recorded temperature: -51°F (not including wind chill).
Wouldn’t it be nice if you could find a haven right now that is, oh, 80 degrees warmer? Good thing that isn’t a problem. The desperately desired refuge lies right under foot, where snow and ground meet. Thanks to the remarkable insulating nature of snow, which traps the earth’s heat, with six inches or more of the white stuff, the temperature at the interface hovers around 32 degrees. This band of lifesaving warmth is called the subnivean zone, and it supports a secret society of small mammals tunneling, making dens, eating food stashes – and one another – all winter long.
Well GroundedRed SquirrelsTo find a red squirrel in winter, look under the snow, not up in a tree. Get in the ZoneMake like a subnivean resident yourself and build a quinzee, a small snow mound shelter. Tundra. In physical geography, tundra is a type of biome where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons. The term tundra comes through Russian тундра (tûndra) from the Kildin Sami word tūndâr "uplands", "treeless mountain tract".[1] There are three types of tundra: Arctic tundra,[2] alpine tundra,[2] and Antarctic tundra.[3] In tundra, the vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and lichens.
Scattered trees grow in some tundra regions. The ecotone (or ecological boundary region) between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line or timberline. Arctic Tundra tends to be windy, with winds often blowing upwards of 50–100 km/h (30–60 mph). However, in terms of precipitation, it is desert-like, with only about 15–25 cm (6–10 in) falling per year (the summer is typically the season of maximum precipitation). Relationship with global warming A severe threat to tundra is global warming, which causes permafrost to melt. Antarctic Alpine. Estimating Soil Texture: Sand, Silt or Clayey. Note: For additional information on managing soils refer to CMG GardenNotes #213, Managing Soil Tilth. Sand, Silt and Clay Texture refers to the size of the particles that make up the soil. The terms sand, silt, and clay refer to relative sizes of the soil particles. Sand, being the larger size of particles, feels gritty. Silt, being moderate in size, has a smooth or floury texture.
Figure 1. Soil Texture Triangle The Soil Texture Triangle gives names associated with various combinations of sand, silt and clay. Figure 3. Identifying Soil Texture by Measurement Spread soil on a newspaper to dry. 12. [clay thickness] / total thickness] = ___ percent clay [silt thickness] / total thickness] = ___ percent clay [sand thickness] / [total thickness] = ___ percent sand 13. Figure 3. Identifying Soil Texture by Feel Feel test – Rub some moist soil between fingers. Sand feels gritty. Ball squeeze test – Squeeze a moistened ball of soil in the hand. Figure 4. Presidents of the Royal Society. The arms of the Royal Society The President of the Royal Society (PRS) is the elected director of the Royal Society of London who presides over meetings of the society's council. After informal meetings at Gresham College, the Royal Society was officially founded on 28 November 1660 when a group of academics decided to found "a Colledge for the Promoting of Physico-Mathematicall Experimentall Learning",[1] acquiring a Royal Charter on 15 July 1662.[2] The Royal Charter nominated William Brouncker as president, and stipulated that future presidents should be elected by the Council and Fellows of the society at anniversary meetings each year on St.
Andrew's Day (30 November). The details of the presidency were described by the second Royal Charter, which did not set any limit on how long a president could serve. There were considerable fluctuations in the president's term of office until well into the 19th century. Presidents of the Royal Society[edit] References[edit] General Specific. Nw0162-nn.jpg (JPEG Image, 651 × 600 pixels) Infrared Light. Planetary tremor 2-11: Earth inching closer to major geological upheaval. Yellowstone super volcano. February 19, 2014 — (TRN) — Some worrying developments are taking place at the Super Volcano located beneath Yellowstone National Park; the kind of developments that were seen shortly before other volcanoes erupted. Not only was there a sudden rise in the elevation of the ground, and development of new cracks, but a gas called Helium-4, a very rare type of Helium, has begun coming out of the surface. It is the presence of this gas that has scientists quite concerned.
If the Yellowstone Super Volcano were to erupt, it would be 2,000 times bigger than the eruption of Mount St. Helens in the 1980′s. Everything within 500 miles would be dead or destroyed within minutes, 2/3rds of the entire United States would be covered in volcanic ash and the climate of the entire planet would cool within a month. Since late summer 2013, the Yellowstone GPS network has tracked a small ” ground deformation episode” in north-central Yellowstone National Park. [link to www.livescience.com] From LA Times. Yellowstone Super Volcano Eruption About To Occur | Earthquakes. YELLOWSTONE SUPERVOLCANO GETTING READY TO BLOW ITS CORK. Updated 12-12-13 The most recent swarm started after the January 2010 Haiti earthquake. With 1620 small earthquakes between January 17, 2010 and February 1, 2010, this swarm was the second largest ever recorded in the Yellowstone Caldera. The largest of these shocks was a magnitude 3.8 on January 21, 2010 at 11:16 PM MST.[15][18]This swarm reached the background levels by 21st of February. 20102009 -over 500 Earthquakes at Yellowstone in the last week18 earthquakes on January 2, 2009 12 earthquakes on January 1, 2009 58 earthquakes on December 31, 2008 23 Earthquakes on December 30, 2008 38 Earthquakes on December 29, 2008 103 Earthquakes on December 28, 2008 COSMIC DUST CLOUD - INCOMINGupdated as reports come in ESA satellite reveals Yellowstone's deep secret Using Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry, InSAR for short, Charles Wicks, Wayne Thatcher and other U.S.
"We know now how mobile and restless the Yellowstone caldera actually is. Yellowstone - Mystery, Intrigue & Planted Sensors. How It's Made Magnets. Mirrors - How its made. What if the Earth were Hollow? Encyclopedia of Life - Animals - Plants - Pictures & Information. Sentientist. It was five years ago this month that I became vegan, or…well, ostrovegan. In this blog I officially come out of the closet, err, shell. I am almost sure that cultivated mussels and oysters are ethical to eat.
I argue eating these animals is completely consistent with the spirit if not the letter of ethical veganism and the tenet of causing less harm with our consumer choices 1. This blog is on bivalve sentience/ability to suffer; for further arguments, including nutrition arguments, see my second blog. Are mussels and oysters sentient? Dividing organisms up into types, or cladistics, is tricky business. Argument 1- Oysters and Mussels are not motile But, mussels and oysters are closely related to other species (e.g. scallops2, squid) who are motile and thus, by my logic, can feel pain, is it possible that they have some leftover capacity to suffer from a common ancestor? ADDENDUM: -Oysters and mussels have a larval stage that is motile (see this and this). Mussel nervous system Footnotes. Oyster Facts. Oysters appeal to the busy homemaker because of their flavor and ease of digestibility. And there’s no waste, they are 100% edible. They also contain carbohydrates, which are generally lacking inmost of other flesh foods.
FACT There are several species of oysters cultivated in North America. The two most common species in this area are the Pacific, originally from Japan, and transplanted here and the Olympia FACT How do oysters breath? Oysters breathe much like fish, using both gills and mantle. FACT Are Oysters Male or Female? FACT What is that tiny crab we see in the oyster? FACT How do pearls get inside an oyster? How Our Oysters Are Grown. What happens if a deer breaks his antler? - Yahoo Answers. The Naked Scientists Online, Science Podcast and Science Radio Show.
Popular science (w videos) File:ISROorbitalvehicle.jpg. Acffa - What Salmon Eat. What salmon eatFarmed salmon eat nutrient-dense, dry pellets made from ingredients of natural origin and of the highest quality, approved for use by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Much of the protein used in fish feed comes from small, bony fish - such as anchovies and mackerel - which are unsuitable for human consumption. Other sources of protein include soybean meal, corn gluten meal, canola meal, wheat gluten and poultry by-products. Essential vitamins, minerals and carotenoids - which provide salmon with vitamin A and give salmon their pink colour - are added to their diet. To obtain the greatest benefit from salmon breeding programs, our industry is continuously improving the nutritive value of salmon feed.
What makes salmon pink? Astaxanthin also gives many crustaceans such as shrimp, crayfish, crabs and lobster their characteristic color. All of these living organisms require carotenoids for their proper growth and development. Amazing drone footage reveals what it's like to be INSIDE firework display. The footage was filmed using a GoPro Hero 3 on a Phantom quadcopterDuring the three-minute clip, the drone navigates through explosionsShots reveal close-up images of the colourful bursts and their tailsVimeo user Gaspar C uploaded the clip, set to music from Arcade Fire By Victoria Woollaston Published: 12:33 GMT, 22 April 2014 | Updated: 14:08 GMT, 22 April 2014 If you thought fireworks displays were impressive from the ground, wait until you see what they look like when filmed from inside the colourful explosions. Vimeo user Gaspar C uploaded the three-minute clip of the display, filmed using a GoPro camera attached to a quadcopter.
As the drone navigates through the explosions, it captures the shells travelling into the air before bursting to life, while other shots show tails firing passed the camera in slow motion. Explosive: Vimeo user Gaspar C uploaded the clip, which was filmed using a GoPro camera attached to a quadcopter. The images were taken by YouTube user Shaun O'Callaghan. Scientific Revolution: The Scientific Method. The Scientific Revolution started by having many questions that the church couldn't answer. The way scientist would answer their answers is by using Scientific Method. The experimented over & over again to approve or disapprove an idea.
Scientist started to prove the church wrong. The Scientific Method included of : making observations , then making a "hypothesis" describing what you see , with the hypothesis you'll make predictions & test it with a experiment. When you've done that a few more times then you'll make sure you have the same results. A theory that uses Scientific Method is what Galileo did with Aristotle theory that heavier objects fall faster than lighter objects.
Galileo threw a bowling ball & a baseball from the Learning Tower of Pisa. Wasp. The term wasp is typically defined as any insect of the order Hymenoptera and suborder Apocrita that is neither a bee nor an ant.[1] Almost every pest insect species has at least one wasp species that preys upon it or parasitizes it, making wasps critically important in natural control of their numbers, or natural biocontrol. Parasitic wasps are increasingly used in agricultural pest control as they prey mostly on pest insects and have little impact on crops.[2][3] Wasps can be eaten by many other types of insects, including those of the genus crematogaster. Taxonomy[edit] The suborder Symphyta, known commonly as sawflies, differ from members of Apocrita by lacking a sting, and having a broader connection between the mesosoma and metasoma. In addition to this, Symphyta larvae are mostly herbivorous and "caterpillarlike", whereas those of Apocrita are largely predatory. Categorizations[edit] The various species of wasps fall into one of two main categories: solitary wasps and social wasps.
Triassic. The Triassic began in the wake of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, which left the Earth's biosphere impoverished; it would take well into the middle of the period for life to recover its former diversity. Therapsids and archosaurs were the chief terrestrial vertebrates during this time. A specialized subgroup of archosaurs, dinosaurs, first appeared in the Late Triassic but did not become dominant until the succeeding Jurassic.[5] The first true mammals, themselves a specialized subgroup of Therapsids also evolved during this period, as well as the first flying vertebrates, the pterosaurs, who like the dinosaurs were a specialized subgroup of archosaurs.
The vast supercontinent of Pangaea existed until the mid-Triassic, after which it began to gradually rift into two separate landmasses, Laurasia to the north and Gondwana to the south. The global climate during the Triassic was mostly hot and dry,[6] with deserts spanning much of Pangaea's interior. Dating and subdivisions[edit] Best Of Science. Science.