25 Fallacies That Lead Us To Believe Weird Things « ConradAskland.com. This is a list by Michael Shermer: 25 fallacies that lead us to believe weird things. (1) Theory influences observation. Heisenberg wrote, “What we observe is not nature itself but nature exposed to our method of questioning.” Our perception of reality is influenced by the theories framing our examination of it. (2) The observer changes the observed. . (3) Equipment constructs results. . (4) Anecdotes do not make science. . (5) Scientific language does not make a science. . (6) Bold statements do not make claims true. . (7) Heresy does not equal correctness.
. (8. . ) (9) Rumors do not equal reality. . (10) Unexplained is not inexplicable. . (11) Failures are rationalized. . (12) After-the-fact reasoning. . (13) Coincidence. . (14) Representiveness. . (15) Emotive words and false analogies. . (16) Ad ignoratum. . (17) Ad hominem and tu quoque. . (18. . ) (19) Overreliance on authorities. . (20) Either-or. . (21) Circular reasoning. . (22) Reductio ad absurdum and the slippery slope. . (24) Problem-solving inadequacies. List of fallacies. A fallacy is incorrect argument in logic and rhetoric resulting in a lack of validity, or more generally, a lack of soundness. Fallacies are either formal fallacies or informal fallacies. Formal fallacies[edit] Main article: Formal fallacy Appeal to probability – is a statement that takes something for granted because it would probably be the case (or might be the case).[2][3]Argument from fallacy – assumes that if an argument for some conclusion is fallacious, then the conclusion is false.Base rate fallacy – making a probability judgment based on conditional probabilities, without taking into account the effect of prior probabilities.[5]Conjunction fallacy – assumption that an outcome simultaneously satisfying multiple conditions is more probable than an outcome satisfying a single one of them.[6]Masked man fallacy (illicit substitution of identicals) – the substitution of identical designators in a true statement can lead to a false one.
Propositional fallacies[edit] Fallacies. Fallacies: Here is a list of everyday fallacies take from Peter A. Angeles Dictionary of Philosophy-- published by Barnes and Noble, copyright 1981. Fallacy, classification of informal. Informal fallacies may be classified in a variety of ways. Fallacy, types of informal. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26 Fallacy of 'is' to 'ought.' 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42.
Excerpt from the Encyclopedia Britannica without permission. A List Of Fallacious Arguments. Attacking the person instead of attacking his argument. For example, "Von Daniken's books about ancient astronauts are worthless because he is a convicted forger and embezzler. " (Which is true, but that's not why they're worthless.) Another example is this syllogism, which alludes to Alan Turing's homosexuality: Turing thinks machines think. Turing lies with men. (Note the equivocation in the use of the word "lies".) Isolated tribe man meets modern tribe man for the first time - Original Footage full.
Mind. Man.