AS Landforms. Waterfall – High Force on the River Waterfalls are one of the most spectacular land features created by rivers and area created by vertical erosion over bands of varying rock resistances.
They are typical of the upper valley, but can be found in the rivers lower courses where the process of REJUVENATION creates enough potential energy for vertical erosion to recommence closer to the rivers mouth. In this example at High Force on the River Tees in the North of England tough igneous intrusion rock Whin Sill (granite) overlies weaker Limestone which has bedding planes and joints. 1. The brown peaty waters of the River Tees flow over both rocks and at some times of the year the river does flood. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Glacier hydrology. Introduction | Supraglacial hydrology | Englacial hydrology | Subglacial hydrology | Proglacial drainage | References | Comments | Introduction 379 subglacial lakes have now been identified beneath the Antarctic continent.
This map, using data from Wright and Siegert 2012 [1] shows that many are located in ice-stream onset zones as well as underneath slow-moving ice domes. Glacier hydrology is the study of the flow of water through glaciers. It is a mysterious world, where water running on the surface of the glacier disappears through cracks and holes in the glaciers, and powerful rivers emerge from the glacier snout[1]. The flow of water at the ice-bed interface has important implications for glacier flow, as saturated subglacial sediments have a low shear strength, and deform easily (see Glacial Processes).
Glacier ice is permeable[1], with a network of microscopic veins and lenses of water[4]. Supraglacial hydrology Saturated firn on a small cold glacier on James Ross Island. Description of Hydrologic Cycle. This is an education module about the movement of water on the planet Earth.
The module includes a discussion of water movement in the United States, and it also provides specific information about water movement in Oregon. The scientific discipline in the field of physical geography that deals with the water cycle is called hydrology. It is concerned with the origin, distribution, and properties of water on the globe. Consequently, the water cycle is also called the hydrologic cycle in many scientific textbooks and educational materials. Most people have heard of the science of meteorology and many also know about the science of oceanography because of the exposure that each discipline has had on television. The global water cycle can be described with nine major physical processes which form a continuum of water movement.
The information presented below is a greatly simplified description of the major contributing physical processes. Provided by Corps of Engineers - Portland District. Landforms - Lower Course. L3_River_Processes. River Landforms - The British Geographer. GCSE Rivers Revision - The Middle Course. Upper Course of the River: Waterfalls. An other feature found in the upper course of a river, where vertical erosion is dominant, is a waterfall.
The highest waterfall in the world is the Angel Falls in Venezuela (see picture right) which have a drop of 979m. Other particularly famous examples include Niagara Falls (North America), the Victoria Falls (on the Zambia / Zimbabwe border) and the Iguazu Falls (South America). Although much smaller in scale, there are many waterfalls in the upper course of UK rivers (e.g.
Thornton Falls, Yorkshire - above), but how do they form? The formation of Waterfalls 1.Waterfalls are found in the upper course of a river. 2. 3. 4. 5. Visualising Waterfall Formation: The labelled diagram of a cross section through a waterfall below, shows the formation process (click on diagram for a larger version).There are also number of excellent animations on the internet which can help you visualise how a waterfall forms. 1. Key Term Check: Long profiles. BBC NI - Landscapes Unlocked - Clips & Scripts - Rivers, Upper Course.