Utilitarianism, Act and Rule. Utilitarianism is one of the best known and most influential moral theories.
Like other forms of consequentialism, its core idea is that whether actions are morally right or wrong depends on their effects. More specifically, the only effects of actions that are relevant are the good and bad results that they produce. A key point in this article concerns the distinction between individual actions and types of actions. Ethics - Introduction to ethics: Consequentialism. Ethics - Euthanasia: Pro-euthanasia arguments.
Fixing women or gender inequality. In support of this month's celebrating diversity theme - a number of female and male representatives, from public and private sector, are blogging about International Women's Day.
Dr Anna Einarsdottir, senior lecturer at the University of York, is the fifth blogger in the series. In her blog, she discusses the importance of tackling structural inequalities. 'Fixing' women or gender inequality? Author: Dr Anna Einarsdottir International Women’s Day is an uncomfortable, yet necessary reminder of the persistent gender inequalities that affect women globally, nationally, regionally and closer to home, shaping our lives in profound ways. To mark the day, NHS Employers has been ‘encouraging men and women to take concrete steps to help achieve gender parity’. Recent figures from the NHS show that women are grossly underrepresented among governing body members (37 per cent) and among lead General Practitioners (26 per cent). A more sensible approach would be to tackle structural inequalities. Gender Discrimination in the Health Sector.
By: Ian Murnaghan BSc (hons), MSc - Updated: 21 Feb 2013| *Discuss Although gender discrimination occurs in most sectors of the workplace, it is particularly pronounced in the health care sector, which comprises jobs ranging from health care management to medical professionals and administrative workers.
For some people, they may walk into a health care position with no sense or knowledge of gender discrimination – even when it occurs, possibly in their favour. Other people, however, will have a strong sense of gender discrimination, which can occur during the hiring process or during the life of their career. Understanding the Concept of Gender Discrimination Discrimination is prominent in many forms, but when it is gender-based, it refers to a bias towards one gender.
Why Does Gender Discrimination Occur in Health Careers? There are numerous reasons for gender discrimination and to cover them all would be akin to writing a novel. Inequalities in health. The Black Report: a summary and comment. Black Report Introduction: Inequalities and Health. 1.
In its published reports the Department of Health has frequently expressed concern with Britain’s failure to match the improvement in health observed in some other countries and has acknowledged the relationship of this to persistent internal inequalities of health (for example, Prevention and Health Everybody’s Business, 1976 especially Chapters 1 and 4). In a speech on 27 March 1977 the then Secretary of State for Social Services stated: “….. The crude differences in mortality rates between the various social classes are worrying.
To take the extreme example, in 1971 the death rate for adult men in social class V (unskilled workers) was nearly twice that of adult men in social class I (professional workers) even when account has been taken of the different age structure of the 2 classes. 2. Determinants of Health. What makes some people healthy and others unhealthy?
How can we create a society in which everyone has a chance to live a long, healthy life? Healthy People 2020 is exploring these questions by: BBC One - Poor Kids. Structure of the U.S. Health Care System. The U.S. Health Care System: Description, Structure, Cost, Quality & Access. Mirror, Mirror on the Wall, 2014 Update: How the U.S. Health Care System Compares Internationally. Executive Summary.
Which country has the world's best healthcare system? Healthcare is a costly item in national budgets, but who gets the best value for money, and who the best outcomes?
We compare the systems in some of the world’s leading countries for healthcare. France Upfront payments: yes Data: France scores highly on GP numbers and on spending as a percentage of GDP, but it comes off badly in the Commonwealth Fund’s international comparison reports, ranking only ninth out of 11 in the latest assessment. Summary Under France’s state-run equivalent of the NHS, the majority of patients must pay the doctor or practitioner upfront. All health transactions centre on a smartcard, the Carte Vitale. Most people are signed up to a mutuelle, a semi-private insurance body, often related to their job, which tops up the remaining amount to be paid. In case you missed it... The painful truth about rationing in the NHS. Chris Bowlby takes a look at the history behind current governent plans to reform the NHS.
This article was first published online in June 2011 Friday 8th August 2014 Submitted by: Chris Bowlby. Ethos of the NHS. Since its launch in 1948, the NHS has grown to become the world’s largest publicly funded health service.
It is also one of the most efficient, most egalitarian and most comprehensive. The NHS was borne of a long held ideal that good healthcare should be available to all, regardless of wealth. That principle remains at its core. With the exception of charges for some prescriptions and optical and dental services, the NHS remains free at the point of use for anyone who is resident in the UK. That is currently more than 60 million people. Although funded centrally from national taxation, NHS services in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales are managed separately. For more information visit NHS website, click here. [Source www.nhs.co.uk]
Ethics.