Literature. Ez. Spring. Business. Dependencyinjection. Nlp. Albigensian Crusade. The Albigensian Crusade or Cathar Crusade (1209–1229) was a 20-year military campaign initiated by Pope Innocent III to eliminate Catharism in Languedoc, in the south of France.
The Crusade was prosecuted primarily by the French crown and promptly took on a political flavour, resulting in not only a significant reduction in the number of practising Cathars but also a realignment of the County of Toulouse, bringing it into the sphere of the French crown and diminishing the distinct regional culture and high level of influence of the Counts of Barcelona. The medieval Christian sect of the Cathars, against whom the crusade was directed, originated from a reform movement within the Bogomil churches of Dalmatia and Bulgaria calling for a return to the Christian message of perfection, poverty and preaching.
The Albigensian Crusade also had a role in the creation and institutionalization of both the Dominican Order and the Medieval Inquisition. Origin[edit] Military campaigns[edit] Toulouse[edit] Naked short selling. Schematic representation of naked short selling in two steps.
The short seller sells shares without owning them. He then purchases and delivers the shares for a different market price. If the short seller cannot afford the shares in the second step, or the shares are not available, a "fail to deliver" results. Short selling is used to anticipate a price fall, but exposes the seller to the risk of a price rise. In 2008, the SEC banned what it called "abusive naked short selling"[2] in the United States, as well as some other jurisdictions, as a method of driving down share prices. Critics, including Overstock.com's Patrick M. Some commentators have contended that despite regulations, naked shorting is widespread and that the SEC regulations are poorly enforced. Offline Wikipedia. This very cool and prolific hacker, Thanassis Tsiodras, wrote an article a few years back explaining how to build a fast offline reader for Wikipedia.
I have it running on my machine right now, and it’s awesome. The trouble is, his instructions don’t quite get the job done; they require modification in some key places before everything will actually work, at least on my Macbook Pro (Intel) running OS X Leopard. So I thought I’d do a slightly friendlier step-by-step with all the missing bits filled in. Requirements About 15GB of free space. Laying the groundwork Get the Mac OS X Developer tools, including the Unix command line tools. Building it Once you have that ridiculously large set of software tools all set up on your computer, you should be ready to configure and build the Wikipedia reader. The first thing you’ll need to do is to move the still-compressed enwiki-latest-pages-articles.xml.bz2 file into your offline.wikipedia/wiki-splits directory. @svn co mediawiki_sa... You’re done! Foundations of mathematics. Foundations of mathematics is the study of the basic mathematical concepts (number, geometrical figure, set, function...) and how they form hierarchies of more complex structures and concepts, especially the fundamentally important structures that form the language of mathematics (formulas, theories and their models giving a meaning to formulas, definitions, proofs, algorithms...) also called metamathematical concepts, with an eye to the philosophical aspects and the unity of mathematics.
The search for foundations of mathematics is a central question of the philosophy of mathematics; the abstract nature of mathematical objects presents special philosophical challenges. The foundations of mathematics as a whole does not aim to contain the foundations of every mathematical topic. Historical context[edit] See also: History of logic and History of mathematics. Ancient Greek mathematics[edit] Platonism as a traditional philosophy of mathematics[edit] Middle Ages and Renaissance[edit]