Emmanuelle Buret
Harlem Renaissance - Black History. The northern Manhattan neighborhood of Harlem was meant to be an upper-class white neighborhood in the 1880s, but rapid overdevelopment led to empty buildings and desperate landlords seeking to fill them. In the early 1900s, a few middle-class black families from another neighborhood known as Black Bohemia moved to Harlem, and other black families followed. Some white residents initially fought to keep African Americans out of the area, but failing that many whites eventually fled.
Outside factors led to a population boom: From 1910 to 1920, African American populations migrated in large numbers from the South to the North, with prominent figures like W.E.B. Du Bois leading what became known as the Great Migration. In 1915 and 1916, natural disasters in the south put black workers and sharecroppers out of work. Additionally, during and after World War I, immigration to the United States fell, and northern recruiters headed south to entice black workers to their companies. The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow - Harlem Renaissance. Jazz Age - Louis Armstrong. Louis Armstrong From Armstrong 101, an educational publication produced by Jazz at Lincoln Center: www.jazzatlincolncenter.org.
Louis Armstrong was born on August 4, 1901, in New Orleans, Louisiana, the birthplace of jazz. He is considered the most important improviser in jazz, and he taught the world to swing. Armstrong, fondly known as "Satchmo" (which is short for "Satchelmouth" referring to the size of his mouth) or "Pops," had a sense of humor, natural and unassuming manner, and positive disposition that made everyone around him feel good. With his infectious, wide grin and instantly recognizable gravelly voice, he won the hearts of people everywhere. He had an exciting and innovative style of playing that musicians imitate to this day. Throughout his career, Armstrong spread the language of jazz around the world, serving as an international ambassador of swing.
Armstrong grew up in a poor family in a rough section of New Orleans. Ku Klux Klan: Extraordinary images from a divisive era capture a day of reckoning as 50,000 white supremacists marched on Washington DC. By Hannah Roberts Updated: 17:32 GMT, 12 February 2012 The eerie, ghost-like hordes boldly parade on the country’s most illustrious avenue, in a performance that feels unthinkable in today's world. More than 50,000 of the Ku Klux Klan gathered in the shadow of the Capitol’s dome for two processions in Washington DC, in 1925 and 1926. The phantom-like figures, out in numbers on Pennsylvania Avenue pulled off a show of force that shocked and frightened the nation, even as, widely discredited, the group began to wither away.
Ghostly vision: More 50,000 of the Ku Klux Klan gathered in the shadow of the Capitol¿s dome for two parades in Washington DC in 1925 and 1926 Like other right wing movements, the Klan had thrived in the early 1920s after it was revived in 1915. The original Klan in the 1860s and 70s consisted of post-civil war lynch-mobs, terrorising freed slaves in the South.
The beginning of civil rights for blacks was one rallying call. The march’s aims were somewhat ambiguous. Icons of the Roaring Twenties. Just hearing the name F. Scott Fitzgerald evokes the echo of clinking martini glasses, the fizz-pop of champagne, tinkling chandeliers, and the strains of hot jazz sliding forth from a glistening trombone. Sleek women in satin and chiffon dance wildly, beads flying furiously. Ah, but that would be Zelda, his wife. Or perhaps Daisy Buchanan, the pivotal character in his bestselling novel The Great Gatsby, which came to define the Roaring Twenties in all its excess, euphoria, and underbelly. Fitzgerald began writing The Great Gatsby early in the decade, when the ’20s were just starting to rumble—World War I was over and in its wake, the coupled feelings of relief and pride of victory.
In the 1920s spirit of Fitzgerald, here's a glittering glimpse of some of the real-life icons who defined the era. Exuding a combination of exoticism and eroticism, Josephine Baker catapulted to international fame. American Cultural History - Decade 1920-1929. Early modernism in art, design, and architecture, which began at the turn of the century, continued through to 1940 and the war. In cities, Skyscrapers (first in 1870s) were erected and hundreds of architects competed for the work.
The first successful design was the Woolworth Building in New York. In Chicago, the Wrigley building was designed by Graham, Anderson, Probst, and White while the Chicago Tribune Tower was designed by Howells and Hood. The Art Deco design was exemplified by the Chrysler and Empire State Buildings (depression projects - the Empire State Building completed early 1931.) Frank Lloyd Wright was prolific during this period, designing homes in California and in Japan.
The term Art Deco (1925-1950) is derived from the International Art Exposition in Paris in 1925. In the 20s and 30s art of that style was referred to as modern. Art movements included the modernist movement [George Luks, Charles W. E.e. cummings Fads and slang of the day: LINKS to Fads & Fashion Sites: Prohibition. Prohibition The 18th Amendment to the Constitution prohibiting the manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcohol in America went into effect on January 16, 1920. The United States was now officially "dry" from coast to coast. Prohibition was the law of the land. The advocates of Prohibition had waged a 50-year campaign to ban alcohol and had high hopes for this "The Noble Experiment. " Supporters anticipated that alcohol's banishment would lead to the eradication of poverty and vice while simultaneously ennobling the common man to achieve his highest goals. For the next fourteen years much time, money and manpower would be devoted to enforcement, however, the task was impossible.
By 1926, it was apparent the Noble Experiment was not working. References: Coffey, Thomas, M., The Long Thirst: Prohibition in America 1920-1933 (1975) How To Cite This Article: "Prohibition," EyeWitness to History, www.eyewitnesstohistory.com (2000). Women's Suffrage: Their Rights and Nothing Less - Lesson Overview - Lesson Plans - For Teachers. Back to Lesson Plans Lesson Overview Women obtained the right to vote nationwide in 1920. Before 1920, only criminals, the insane, Native Americans, and women were denied the vote. The modern woman's suffrage movement began in the 1840s with the Seneca Falls Convention.
How did it happen and why? Objectives Students will be able to: understand the importance of primary sources in historical inquiry; use keyword searching strategies; understand the societal role of women from 1840 to 1920 and reforms women wanted; describe and compare methods used by suffragists to pass the 19th amendment at the national level; understand the importance of altering methods for achieving reforms in response to changing times and barriers; and compare the states' methods for achieving suffrage with the national methods; analyzing reasons for their differences. Standards Time Required Two weeks Recommended Grade Level Topic Women's History Era Progressive Era to New Era, 1900-1929 Credits Eliza Hamrick & Donna Levene. DECADENT AMERICA: The Roaring Twenties (720p) Teaching the American 20s. How Prohibition backfired and gave America an era of gangsters and speakeasies | Film. On Saturday, 17 January 1920, the Manchester Guardian reported with mild incredulity on one of the most extraordinary experiments in modern democratic history.
"One minute after midnight tonight," the story began, "America will become an entirely arid desert as far as alcoholics are concerned, any drinkable containing more than half of 1 per cent alcohol being forbidden. " In fact, the Volstead Act – which prohibited the sale of "intoxicating liquors" – had come into operation at midnight the day before. But the authorities had granted drinkers one last day, one last session at the bar, before the iron shutters of Prohibition came down. Across the United States, many bars and restaurants marked the demise of the demon drink by handing out free glasses of wine, brandy and whisky. Others saw one last opportunity to make a killing, charging an eye-watering "20 to 30 dollars for a bottle of champagne, or a dollar to two dollars for a drink of whisky".
Now prohibition was law. American History: Fear of Communism in 1920 Threatens Civil Rights. Or download MP3 (Right-click or option-click and save link) BOB DOUGHTY: Welcome to THE MAKING OF A NATION -- American history in VOA Special English. The United States Constitution guarantees freedoms such as freedom of speech, freedom of the press and freedom of religion. The Bill of Rights in the Constitution protects these and other individual rights.
But the government has not always honored all of the rights in the Constitution. In the seventeen hundreds, for example, President John Adams supported laws to stop Thomas Jefferson and the Democratic Party from criticizing the government. During the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln took strong actions to prevent newspapers from printing military news. Some of the most serious government attacks on personal rights took place in nineteen nineteen and nineteen twenty. This week in our series, Kay Gallant and Harry Monroe discuss the campaign that came to be known as the "Red Scare. " HARRY MONROE: In general, American workers did wait. Wall Street Crash of 1929 and its aftermath. The strength of America’s economy in the 1920’s came to a sudden end in October 1929 – even if the signs of problems had existed before the Wall Street Crash.
Suddenly the ‘glamour’ of the Jazz Age andgangsters disappeared and America was faced with a major crisis that was to impact countries as far away as Weimar Germany – a nation that had built up her economy on American loans. The huge wealth that appeared to exist in America in the 1920’s was at least partly an illusion. For example the African Americans and the farmers had not benefited in the Jazz Age but neither had 60% of the whole population as it is estimated that a family needed a basic minimum of $2,000 a year to live (about £440) and 60% of US families earned less than this. Almost certainly some of the 60% included those who had gambled some money on Wall Street and could least afford to lose it in the crash of October ‘29.
The very rich lost money on Wall Street but they could just about afford it. See also: The New Deal. The Roaring Twenties - Facts & Summary. Prohibition was not the only source of social tension during the 1920s. The Great Migration of African Americans from the Southern countryside to Northern cities and the increasing visibility of black culture—jazz and blues music, for example, and the literary movement known as the Harlem Renaissance—discomfited some white Americans.
Millions of people in places like Indiana and Illinois joined the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s. To them, the Klan represented a return to all the “values” that the fast-paced, city-slicker Roaring Twenties were trampling. Likewise, an anti-Communist “Red Scare” in 1919 and 1920 encouraged a widespread nativist, or anti-immigrant, hysteria. These conflicts–what one historian has called a “cultural Civil War” between city-dwellers and small-town residents, Protestants and Catholics, blacks and whites, “New Women” and advocates of old-fashioned family values–are perhaps the most important part of the story of the Roaring Twenties. "Gatsby" and the Roaring Twenties.
The ordering of events in “The Great Gatsby” Introduction In The Great Gatsby Fitzgerald condensed the story’s events. It appears that two important changes were introduced: Fitzgerald suppressed a long episode of Gatsby’s childhood in order to heighten the sense of mystery surrounding his protagonist’s youth. This fragment was then turned into a short story Absolution that was published in a review Mercury.The second important change concerned the order of the events and the fact that in the original version it was Gatsby who spoke. In the final version, all the action unfolds during one summer – from mid June to early September – and the geographical location is confined to New York, Long Island: East Egg and West Egg.
I. The story’s events have apparently been scrambled, but it is in fact the sign of artistic order. A. There is a network of correspondences and sharp contrast between the prologue and the epilogue. B. II. A. Gatsby may be described as an hour-glass novel; it is built on a principle of symmetry. B. III. A. B. Nick’s “I”/Nick’s Eye: Why they couldn’t film Gatsby. The novel F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby is told in the form of a book written by and from the point of view of Nick Carraway, who at the beginning of the narration has been home in the Midwest since “last autumn” and by the end has been home two years. (1) Nick had gone East, stayed through a summer and into a fall, then went back where he thought he belonged and, after a while, set about writing down what he thought had happened during the five or six months in 1922 he worked in Manhattan as a bond salesman and hung out on Long Island with his cousin Daisy Buchanan, her husband (and his Yale classmate) Tom, Tom’s mistress Myrtle Wilson and her husband George, Daisy’s childhood friend Jordan Baker (a professional golfer), and Nick’s mysterious neighbour, Jay Gatsby.
It is mostly a novel of character and revelation; the plot can be summarized in a few lines. When Fitzgerald died at the age of 44 in 1941, not one of his books was in print. Film Versions Pages and Screens. Narrative Structure of “The Great Gatsby” Narrative Structure of “The Great Gatsby” The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald, with the combination of its form and content, as an ideal work of modern narrative art, fully provides the Fitzgerald’s effort for the improvement of traditional narrative steps and techniques. By using the unique and new narrative techniques the Fitzgerald creates remarkable effects to reinforce the specific creative charm and draw attention to the content concept of novel.
This research paper explores the narrative steps and techniques in novel “The Great Gatsby” in terms of “I” as witness, the shift of the author’s position and the transgression to concentrate on the distinct and special techniques. The novel “The Great Gatsby” is about American dreams. A youngster from the Middle Western American, named as Nick Carrawlly, left home for East American to live. During his wander life, he understands the hero of fiction Gatsby and stares at the complete process of tragedy in Gatsby. Works Cited Fitzgerald, F. Modernism And The Great Gatsby. The Use of Modernist Techniques in the Great Gatsby. Fitzgerald used new modern trends in literature with radical, innovative techniques to create a portrait of the decade.
The Great Gatsby was a breakthrough in modernist writing because it was modern day at a time of prohibition and when trends were sweeping the nation. Materialism became the new way of life with for the first time in history the American population centralised within the cities instead of in the country. These changes were lived through by Fitzgerald and were described accurately in the novel. Modernism evolved from a series of movements involving composers, artists, writers (e.g.
Modernist painting rejects the mimetic conventions of the nineteenth-century and challenges the viewer’s expectations by seeing the human figure differently. The novel is about self-betterment and were no-one looks out for the best interest of anyone else. Insignificance of man is shown through wealth and how one person could have all the money in the world but still not be happy.
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