Portfolio Summary | Stock Portfolio, Mutual Fund Investor, Initial Public IPO Offer, NAV Ticker, Asset Allocation. Religion. Buddhism. Dharmic religion Buddhism,[a] also known as Buddhadharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion[b] based on teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or 5th century BCE.[7] It is the world's fourth-largest religion,[8] with about 320 million followers, known as Buddhists, who comprise four percent of the global population.[10] It arose in the eastern Gangetic plain as a śramaṇa movement in the 5th century BCE, and gradually spread throughout much of Asia.
Buddhism has subsequently played a major role in Asian culture and spirituality, eventually spreading to the West in the 20th century.[11] According to tradition, the Buddha instructed his followers in a path of development which leads to awakening and full liberation from dukkha (lit. 'suffering, unease'). He regarded this path as a Middle Way between extremes such as asceticism or sensual indulgence.
Etymology The Buddha Worldview Four Noble Truths – dukkha and its ending The Four Noble Truths are: Karma. Buddhism. Buddhism. Jainism. Indian religion Jainism ( JAY-niz-əm), also known as Jain Dharma,[1] is an Indian religion whose three main pillars are nonviolence (ahiṃsā), asceticism (aparigraha), and a rejection of all simplistic and one-sided views of truth and reality (anekāntavāda). Jainism traces its spiritual ideas and history through the succession of twenty-four tirthankaras, supreme preachers of dharma, across the current half (avasarpiṇī) of the time cycle posited in Jain cosmology.
The first tirthankara in the current cycle is Rishabhadeva, who tradition holds lived millions of years ago; the 23rd tirthankara is Parshvanatha, traditionally dated to the 9th century BCE; and the 24th tirthankara is Mahavira, who lived c. the 6th or 5th century BCE. Jain monks take five main vows: ahiṃsā (non-violence), satya (truth), asteya (not stealing), brahmacharya (chastity), and aparigraha (non-possessiveness). Beliefs and philosophy Dravya (Ontological facts) Tattva (Soteriological facts) Pramana (Epistemological facts) Sikhism. Religion originating in Punjab, India Sikhism ( SIK-iz-əm), also known as Sikhi (Punjabi: ਸਿੱਖੀ Sikkhī, [ˈsɪk.kʰiː] , from ਸਿੱਖ, Sikh, 'disciple / learner'),[i] is an Indian religion[9] and philosophy[10] in particular for the Sikh ethnoreligious group that originated in the Punjab region of India[ii] around the end of the 15th century CE.
The Sikh scriptures are written in the Gurumukhi script particular to Sikhs.[11] It is one of the most recently founded major religious groups and among the largest in the world, with about 25–30 million adherents (known as Sikhs).[12] Sikhism developed from the spiritual teachings of Guru Nanak (1469–1539), the faith's first guru, and the nine Sikh gurus who succeeded him. The Definition of Sikh is any human being who faithfully believes in:[25] I. One Immortal Being, II. Ten Gurus, from Guru Nanak Sahib to Guru Gobind Singh Sahib, III. Terminology Philosophy and teachings Teachings {ੴ} ਸਤਿ ਨਾਮੁ ਕਰਤਾ ਪੁਰਖੁ ਨਿਰਭਉ ਨਿਰਵੈਰੁ ਅਕਾਲ ਮੂਰਤਿ ਅਜੂਨੀ ਸੈਭੰ ਗੁਰ ਪ੍ਰਸਾਦਿ॥
Islam. Christianity. Judaism. Hinduism. Brahma Kumaris® Int'l HQ | Godly University For Free Mediation. Vedas. Ancient scriptures of Hinduism The Vedas are ancient Sanskrit texts of Hinduism. Above: A page from the Atharvaveda. The Vedas (,[4] IAST: veda, Sanskrit: वेदः, lit. 'knowledge') are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India. Composed in Vedic Sanskrit, the texts constitute the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest scriptures of Hinduism.[5][6][7] There are four Vedas: the Rigveda, the Yajurveda, the Samaveda and the Atharvaveda.[8][9] Each Veda has four subdivisions – the Samhitas (mantras and benedictions), the Aranyakas (text on rituals, ceremonies, sacrifices and symbolic-sacrifices), the Brahmanas (commentaries on rituals, ceremonies and sacrifices), and the Upanishads (texts discussing meditation, philosophy and spiritual knowledge).[8][10][11] Some scholars add a fifth category – the Upasanas (worship).
The Vedas have been orally transmitted since the 2nd millennium BCE with the help of elaborate mnemonic techniques. Etymology and usage Vedic texts. Upanishads. Ancient Sanskrit religious and philosophical texts of Hinduism The Upanishads (;[1] Sanskrit: उपनिषद् Upaniṣad [ˈʊpɐnɪʂɐd]) are late Vedic Sanskrit texts of religious teaching and ideas still revered in Hinduism.[2][3][note 1][note 2] They are the most recent part of the oldest scriptures of Hinduism, the Vedas, that deal with meditation, philosophy, and ontological knowledge; other parts of the Vedas deal with mantras, benedictions, rituals, ceremonies, and sacrifices.[6][7][8] Among the most important literature in the history of Indian religions and culture, the Upanishads played an important role in the development of spiritual ideas in ancient India, marking a transition from Vedic ritualism to new ideas and institutions.
Of all Vedic literature, the Upanishads alone are widely known, and their central ideas are at the spiritual core of Hinduism.[2][10] With the translation of the Upanishads in the early 19th century they also started to attract attention from a Western audience. Vedic Hinduism History. What is Hinduism? Hinduism & Yoga. Ramayana. The Ramayana (Sanskrit: रामायणम्। , Rāmāyaṇam, pronounced [rɑːˈmɑːjəɳəm]) is one of the great Hindu epics. It is ascribed to the Hindu sage Valmiki and forms an important part of the Hindu literature (smṛti), considered to be itihāasa.[1] The Ramayana is one of the two great epics of Hinduism, the other being the Mahabharata.[2] It depicts the duties of relationships, portraying ideal characters like the ideal father, the ideal servant, the ideal brother, the ideal wife, and the ideal king. The name Ramayana is a tatpurusha compound of Rāma and ayana ("going, advancing"), translating to "Rama's Journey".
The Ramayana consists of 24,000 verses in seven books (kāṇḍas) and 500 cantos (sargas),[3] and tells the story of Rama (an avatar of the Hindu supreme-god Vishnu), whose wife Sita is abducted by Ravana, the king of Lanka (current day Sri Lanka). Thematically, the Ramayana explores human values and the concept of dharma.[4] Textual history and structure[edit] Period[edit] Characters[edit] Mahabharata. Manuscript illustration of the Battle of Kurukshetra The Mahabharata or Mahābhārata (Sanskrit: महाभारतम्, Mahābhāratam, pronounced [məɦaːˈbʱaːrət̪əm]) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Ramayana.[1] Besides its epic narrative of the Kurukshetra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the Pandava princes, the Mahabharata contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four "goals of life" or purusharthas (12.161).
Among the principal works and stories in the Mahabharata are the Bhagavad Gita, the story of Damayanti, an abbreviated version of the Ramayana, and the Rishyasringa, often considered as works in their own right. Traditionally, the authorship of the Mahabharata is attributed to Vyasa. There have been many attempts to unravel its historical growth and compositional layers. The other notable version of Mahabarath is Andhra mahabharatam, a Telugu language manuscript written by Kavitrayam in between 11-14th century AD. Bhagavad Gita. Major Hindu Scripture The Bhagavad Gita (; Sanskrit: भगवद्गीता, lit. '"God's Song"', IAST: bhagavad-gītā[a]), often referred to as the Gita (IAST: gītā), is a 700-verse Hindu scripture, which is part of the epic Mahabharata. It forms the chapters 23–40 of book 6 of the Mahabharata called the Bhishma Parva.
The work is dated to the second half of the first millennium BCE.[2] The Bhagavad Gita is set in a narrative framework of dialogue between the Pandava prince Arjuna and his charioteer guide Krishna, an avatar of Vishnu. At the start of the Kurukshetra War between the Pandavas and the Kauravas, Arjuna despairs thinking about the violence and death the war will cause in the battle against his kin and becomes emotionally preoccupied with a dilemma.[3] Wondering if he should renounce the war, Arjuna seeks the counsel of Krishna, whose answers and discourse constitute the Bhagavad Gita. Krishna counsels Arjuna to "fulfil his Kshatriya (warrior) duty" for the upholding of dharma.
Date[edit] Quran. The central religious text of Islam The Quran ([Note 1] kor-AHN; Arabic: القرآن, romanized: al-Qurʼān Arabic pronunciation: [alqur'ʔaːn],[Note 2] literally meaning "the recitation"), also romanized Qur'an or Koran,[Note 3] is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God (Allah).[11] It is widely regarded as the finest work in classical Arabic literature.[12][13][Note 4][Note 5] Slightly shorter than the New Testament,[16] it is organized in 114 chapters (Arabic: سورة sūrah, plural سور suwar) — not according to chronology or subject matter, but according to length of surahs (with some exceptions).[17] Surah are subdivided into verses (Arabic: آية āyah, plural آيات āyāt).
The Quran assumes familiarity with major narratives recounted in the Biblical scriptures. Etymology and meaning In other verses, the word refers to "an individual passage recited [by Muhammad]". The term also has closely related synonyms that are employed throughout the Quran. Bible. Collection of religious texts The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία, tà biblía, 'the books') is a collection of religious texts or scriptures that are held to be sacred in Christianity, Judaism, Samaritanism, and many other religions.
The Bible is an anthology – a compilation of texts of a variety of forms – originally written in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Koine Greek. These texts include instructions, stories, poetry, and prophecies, among other genres. The collection of materials that are accepted as part of the Bible by a particular religious tradition or community is called a biblical canon. Believers in the Bible generally consider it to be a product of divine inspiration, but the way they understand what that means and interpret the text can vary. The religious texts were compiled by different religious communities into various official collections. The earliest contained the first five books of the Bible. Etymology Development and history Hebrew Bible from 1300.
New Testament Variants Torah. Consciousness. Deepak Chopra. What is Yoga?