Örverufræði/Microbiology
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The Science of Composting - Composting for the Homeowner - University of Illinois Extension
While our ancestors realized that compost was helpful for growing plants and improving soil health, they did not know how or why it worked. Our knowledge about the science of composting comes from research conducted during the past 50 years – relatively recent compared to the 2000 plus years that humans have been composting. Backyard composting speeds up the natural process of decomposition, providing optimum conditions so that organic matter can break down more quickly.
General This group of organisms includes several that cause primary infections of the human gastrointestinal tract. Thus, they are referred to as enterics (regardless of whether they cause gut disorders). Bacteria that affect the gastrointestinal tract include certain strains of E. coli and Salmonella , all 4 species of Shigella , and Yersinia entercolitica .
Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrio, Campylobacter and Helicobacter
Gallery (formerly the Atlas Collection) is a collection of images, videos, and animations that can be used to enhance lecture or lab presentations. Individual items include brief legends that describe the items and how they were obtained. A collection of items around a central theme (e.g., Gram stain and MacConkey agar) includes a title for the collection and a title and short description for each item (e.g., figure title and legend). Visual Media Briefs (formerly the Visual Collection) consist of high-quality, short communications with digital images, animations, and videos about the microbial world.
MicrobeLibrary: premier visual resources and protocols used in teaching microbiological and biological sciences
MPN Calculator
MPN Calculator Microsoft Runtime library required by all VB6 programs. If you are already running VB6 programs you do not need this download. If you are unsure, try running MPN Calculator (VB6) first. If it tells you that you need the runtime library come back, download and run VBRUN60sp6.exe to install it.This section contains a range of experiments that you can try out in the comfort of your own kitchen or school classroom. They all use easy to get hold of items, but some can be a bit dangerous if you don't take care. Please get a responsible person to help if you're unsure and be careful with anything involving fire. Explanations to why the experiments work are included on all the pages but I haven't gone into detail about controls, variables and experimental plans. If you want to just have a bit of fun then you can use the experiments as they are. But if you are doing them at school or for a science fair project, you will need to have a read of the section below so that you think about things like controls and variables before you carry out the experiment.
DIY Experiments for home, school or science fair projects.
To test for an organism or microbial toxin not covered by the BAM, or to analyze a sample that may require special handling or processing, the user is referred to the Official Methods of Analysis of the AOAC International; Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy Products, Recommended Procedures for the Examination of Seawater and Shellfish , and Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods of the American Public Health Association; also, Standard Methods for Water Analysis of the Environmental Protection Agency. FDA works closely with AOAC International, APHA, EPA, the International Dairy Federation (IDF/FIL), and, by way of participation in Codex Alimentarius, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). However, not all methods appearing in the BAM have been collaboratively evaluated by one or more of these organizations. Innovations in methods for the microbiological analysis of food continue to appear at a rapid pace.
Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM)
is the most comprehensive scientific research tool on the web. With over 440 million scientific items indexed at last count, it allows researchers to search for not only journal content but also scientists' homepages, courseware, pre-print server material, patents and institutional repository and website information.
Scirus - for scientific information
DSMZ - the German Resource Centre for Biological Material
Welcome to the DSMZ , one of the largest bioresource centers worldwide with currently more than 140 employees. Find out more about our "buyodiversity" in our catalogues . Scientists present from 18th to 21st of March research from the sector of Microbial Diversity – new scientific services of the DSMZ ... more
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Tímarit
Taxonomy of Bacteria and Archaea
Overview of membrane associated uptake, efflux, reduction and oxidation of metal ions. The complexity of several examples of some families (such as CopA/B and CadA P-type ATPases and three component chemiosmotic RND systems (CzcCBA and SilCBA) preclude a
Three patterns are found for cadmium efflux (the next toxic cation to be considered) and these are (with the names of examples) CzcD, a single membrane polypeptide chemiosmotic efflux pump, CzcCBA, a three polypeptide chemiosmotic complex with CzcA (a large inner membrane protein), CzcC (a smaller outer membrane protein) and CzcB (a periplasmic coupling protein that connects CzcA and CzcB and forms a continuous channel from the cytoplasm to the outside of the cell (Figs. 1 , 6 b) [ 80 , 81 ], and CadA, a large single polypeptide P-type ATPase (Fig. 6 a).
UW-Madison Dept. of Bacteriology, Madison, WI
Our Department has been devoted to excellence in microbiology research, teaching, and service since its inception in 1914. We encourage you to learn more about us by exploring the resources here or by visiting us in our spectacular new home in the Microbial Sciences Building. Elizabeth McCoy became the second woman at the University, outside of the fields of home economics and nursing, to attain the rank of full professor. Click here to read more.
Online Textbook of Bacteriology
Tag words: bacteriology , microbes in the environment , cycles of elements , bacterial structure , bacterial nutrition , bacterial growth , bacterial metabolism , bacteria and archaea , normal flora , bacterial pathogens , bacterial toxins , endotoxin , antibiotics , antibiotic resistance , staphylococci and MRSA , streptococcus , pneumonia , anthrax , E. coli , cholera , Salmonella , Pseudomonas , Shigella , gonorrhea , meningococcal meningitis , botulism and tetanus hib meningitis , Listeria , whooping cough , B. cereus food poisoning , tuberculosis , diphtheria , Rocky Mountain spotted fever , Lyme disease , Vibrio vulnificus , Bacillus , lactic acid bacteria Welcome to Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology www.textbookofbacteriology.net. This textbook has evolved from online and live-in-person lectures presented in my bacteriology courses at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.KEGG PATHWAY: Bacterial secretion system - Reference pathway (KO)
[ Pathway menu | Organism menu | Pathway entry | Download KGML | Hide description | User data mapping ] Gram-negative bacteria secrete a wide range of proteins whose functions include biogenesis of organelles, such as pilli and flagella, nutrient acquisition, virulence, and efflux of drugs and other toxins. Six distinct secretion systems have been shown to mediate protein export through the inner and outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria. These pathways are highly conserved throughout the Gram-negative bacterial species. In Gram-positive bacteria, secreted proteins are commonly translocated across the single membrane by the Sec pathway or the two-arginine (Tat) pathway.A diversity index is a quantitative measure that increases when the number of types into which a set of entities has been classified increases, and obtains its maximum value for a given number of types when all types are represented by the same number of entities. When diversity indices are used in ecology , the entities of interest are usually individual plants or animals, and the types of interest are species or other taxa . In demography , the entities of interest can be people, and the types of interest various demographic groups, and in information science , the entities can be characters and the types the different letters of the alphabet. The most commonly used diversity indices are simple transformations of the effective number of types (also known as 'true diversity'), but each diversity index can also be interpreted in its own right as a measure corresponding to some real phenomenon (but a different one for each diversity index). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ]