⊿ Point. {R} Glossary. ◢ Keyword: P. ◥ University. {q} PhD. {tr} Training. ⚫ UK. ↂ EndNote. ☢️ Oversight. ✊ Harvey (2009) Peer review. Evaluation by peers with similar expertise Peer review is the evaluation of work by one or more people with similar competencies as the producers of the work (peers).[1] It functions as a form of self-regulation by qualified members of a profession within the relevant field. Peer review methods are used to maintain quality standards, improve performance, and provide credibility. In academia, scholarly peer review is often used to determine an academic paper's suitability for publication.[2] Peer review can be categorized by the type and by the field or profession in which the activity occurs, e.g., medical peer review. It can also be used as a teaching tool to help students improve writing assignments.[3] Professional peer review focuses on the performance of professionals, with a view to improving quality, upholding standards, or providing certification.
In academia, peer review is used to inform decisions related to faculty advancement and tenure.[9] Peer review in writing [edit] Peer review. Peer review is the evaluation of work by one or more people of similar competence to the producers of the work (peers). It constitutes a form of self-regulation by qualified members of a profession within the relevant field. Peer review methods are employed to maintain standards of quality, improve performance, and provide credibility. In academia peer review is often used to determine an academic paper's suitability for publication. Peer review can be categorized by the type of activity and by the field or profession in which the activity occurs. History[edit] The first recorded editorial pre-publication peer-review process was at the Royal Society of London in 1665 by the founding editor of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Henry Oldenburg.[6][7][8] In the 20th century, peer review became common for science funding allocations.
This process appears to have developed independently from that of editorial peer review.[9] The first Peer Review Congress met in 1989. Workload. What is a refereed journal? - Research Articles and Refereed (Peer-Reviewed) Journals - LibGuides @ University of Illinois Library at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. COPE | Raising the Quality of Academic Journals. SCIENCE - How to review a paper. As junior scientists develop their expertise and make names for themselves, they are increasingly likely to receive invitations to review research manuscripts. It’s an important skill and service to the scientific community, but the learning curve can be particularly steep. Writing a good review requires expertise in the field, an intimate knowledge of research methods, a critical mind, the ability to give fair and constructive feedback, and sensitivity to the feelings of authors on the receiving end.
As a range of institutions and organizations around the world celebrate the essential role of peer review in upholding the quality of published research this week, Science Careers shares collected insights and advice about how to review papers from researchers across the spectrum. The responses have been edited for clarity and brevity. What do you consider when deciding whether to accept an invitation to review a paper? I usually consider first the relevance to my own expertise. How to peer review a paper: Elsevier training session | King's College London Graduate School.