⊿ Point. {R} Glossary. ◢ Keyword: D. ◥ University. {q} PhD. {tr} Training. ⚫ UK. ↂ EndNote. ☝️ Weerakkody. Dynamic equilibrium. Chemical equilibrium of a reversible reaction In physics, concerning thermodynamics, a closed system is in thermodynamic equilibrium when reactions occur at such rates that the composition of the mixture does not change with time.
Reactions do in fact occur, sometimes vigorously, but to such an extent that changes in composition cannot be observed. Equilibrium constants can be expressed in terms of the rate constants for reversible reactions. Examples[edit] In a new bottle of soda, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the liquid phase has a particular value. Where K is a temperature-dependent constant, P is the partial pressure, and c is the concentration of the dissolved gas in the liquid. Henry's law may be derived by setting the chemical potentials of carbon dioxide in the two phases to be equal to each other. Dynamic equilibrium can also exist in a single-phase system. Dynamic equilibria can also occur in the gas phase as, for example when nitrogen dioxide dimerizes. See also[edit]