⊿ Point. {R} Glossary. ◢ Keyword: A. ◥ University. {q} PhD. {tr} Training. ⚫ UK. ↂ EndNote. ✊ Harvey (2009) Accreditation. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Formal recognition of competence Accreditation is the independent, third-party evaluation of a conformity assessment body (such as certification body, inspection body or laboratory) against recognised standards, conveying formal demonstration of its impartiality and competence to carry out specific conformity assessment tasks (such as certification, inspection and testing).[1] Accreditation bodies are established in many economies with the primary purpose of ensuring that conformity assessment bodies are subject to oversight by an authoritative body.
Accreditation bodies, that have been peer evaluated as competent, sign regional and international arrangements to demonstrate their competence. These accreditation bodies then assess and accredit conformity assessment bodies to the relevant standards. An authoritative body that performs accreditation is called an 'accreditation body'. Fields involved[edit] Accreditation standards[edit] See also[edit] Accreditation Duration or Duration of Accreditation - Analytic Quality Glossary - Quality Research International.
Accreditation duration core definition Accreditation decisions are usually limited to a fixed and stated period of time, after which the institution or programme is required to engage with a more or less rigorous re-accreditation process. explanatory context analytical review One view of duration of accreditation links it to ongoing monitoring of the accredited institution/programme: The duration of validity of the accreditation license is established by the accrediting body, which generally holds the right to suspend and/or to renew the license, upon the satisfactory resolution of any identified issues. Associated issues related areas See also accreditation: institutional accreditation programme accreditation regional accreditation specialist accreditation accreditation status re-accreditation accreditation survey accreditation portfolio accreditation body Sources Top A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Home.
Accreditation mill. Fraudulent organization, not recognized for educational accreditation An accreditation mill is an organization that purports to award educational accreditation to higher education institutions without having government authority or recognition from mainstream academia to operate as an accreditor. Implicit in the terminology is the assumption that the "mill" has low standards (or no standards) for such accreditation. Accreditation mills are much like diploma mills, and in many cases are closely associated with diploma mills.
The "accreditation" they supply has no legal or academic value but is used in diploma mill marketing to help attract students.[1] Some institutions obtain accreditation from an independent group with low standards. In many countries, accreditation is a government function. Characteristics[edit] CHEA has published a list of attributes of accreditation mills to help consumers identify them. Consumer information resources[edit] Proposed U.S. legal definition[edit] Accreditation of Prior Certificated Learning - Analytic Quality Glossary - Quality Research International. Accreditation of Prior Certified Learning (APCL) core definition explanatory context APCL is similar to APL in as much as it is recognition of prior learning but refers only to such learning that has been formally acknowledged or credited through a form of certification. analytical review London Metroplitan University (2007) states: APCL denotes the Accreditation of Prior Certificated Learning which is learning that has been previously assessed e.g. learning arising from academic and professional awards for example Higher National Diplomas, Foundation Degrees, Open University Courses and other courses at an appropriate level.
University of Plymouth (2010) states: Accreditation of prior certificated learning (APCL): is the award of credit towards a University of Plymouth award in respect of previous study at HE level which the student has passed. The Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (QAA, undated) in the UK states: associated issues related areas See also Recognition of prior learning. Accreditation of Prior Experiential Learning - Analytic Quality Glossary - Quality Research International. Accreditation of Prior Experiential Learning (APEL) core definition explanatory context APEL is similar to APL in as much as it is recognition of prior learning but is broader as it allows, in theory, for learning from any prior experience.
Often APEL and APL are used synonymously and the terms overlap. Analytical review In the UK, APEL is defined as: APEL is the accreditation of prior experiential learning, that is, the award of credit for learning based on prior experience -- from work, community or volunteer experience -- which has not previously been assessed and/or awarded credit.
London Metroplitan University (2004) stated that credit can be gained through: the Accreditation of Prior Experiential Learning (APEL) in which credit is awarded for learning and capabilities gained through your experiences in a work, voluntary, home or leisure environment. London Metroplitan University (2007) states: The Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (QAA, undated) in the UK states: See also Top. Accreditation of Prior Learning - Analytic Quality Glossary - Quality Research International. Accreditation of Prior Learning (APL) core definition explanatory context APL is different, but often overlaps with Accreditation of Prior Experiential Learning (APEL), as, for example in the definitions, below.
APL is also similar to the concept, in the United States, of 'Advanced placement'. For example, the Northeast Texas Network Consortium (NTNC) (2002) states: Advanced placement: A waiver of some of the classes normally required for an undergraduate degree, granted to a student based on a student's prior study or experience (usually indicated by the student's performance on a special examination). analytical review Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) (undated) defines accreditation of prior learning (APL) and accreditation of prior experiential learning (APEL) as: A general term used for the award of credit on the basis of demonstrated learning that has occurred at some time in the past.
London Metroplitan University (2007) states: associated issues related areas See also. Advanced Placement. American program with college-level classes offered to high school students Advanced Placement (AP)[4] is a program in the United States and Canada created by the College Board. AP offers undergraduate university-level curricula and examinations to high school students. Colleges and universities in the US and elsewhere may grant placement and course credit to students who obtain qualifying scores on the examinations. The AP curriculum for each of the various subjects is created for the College Board by a panel of experts and college-level educators in that academic discipline. For a high school course to have the designation, the course must be audited by the College Board to ascertain that it satisfies the AP curriculum as specified in the Board's Course and Examination Description (CED).
If the course is approved, the school may use the AP designation and the course will be publicly listed on the AP Course Ledger.[5] History[edit] Scoring[edit] Score reporting[edit] Exam subsidies[edit] Equivalence test. Tool used to draw statistical inferences from observed data Equivalence tests are a variety of hypothesis tests used to draw statistical inferences from observed data. In these tests, the null hypothesis is defined as an effect large enough to be deemed interesting, specified by an equivalence bound. The alternative hypothesis is any effect that is less extreme than said equivalence bound. The observed data are statistically compared against the equivalence bounds.
Equivalence testing originates from the field of clinical trials.[1] One application, known as a non-inferiority trial, is used to show that a new drug that is cheaper than available alternatives works as well as an existing drug. Equivalence tests can be performed in addition to null-hypothesis significance tests.[2][3][4][5] This might prevent common misinterpretations of p-values larger than the alpha level as support for the absence of a true effect. TOST procedure[edit] Comparison between t-test and equivalence test[edit] Substantial equivalence. In food safety, the concept of substantial equivalence holds that the safety of a new food, particularly one that has been genetically modified (GM), may be assessed by comparing it with a similar traditional food that has proven safe in normal use over time.[1] It was first formulated as a food safety policy in 1993, by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).[2] As part of a food safety testing process, substantial equivalence is the initial step, establishing toxicological and nutritional differences in the new food compared to a conventional counterpart—differences are analyzed and evaluated, and further testing may be conducted, leading to a final safety assessment.[3] Origin[edit] Description[edit] The OECD bases the substantial equivalence principle on a definition of food safety where we can assume that a food is safe for consumption if it has been eaten over time without evident harm.
Assessment process[edit] Technological developments[edit] Adoption[edit] Accreditation Portfolio - Analytic Quality Glossary - Quality Research International. Accreditation portfolio core definition An accreditation portfolio is the accumulated evidence germane to establishing accredited status. explanatory context analytical review The UNESCO definition (of portfolio of accreditation) is: An accumulation of evidence (record of achievement) about specific proficiencies and the characteristics of an institution in relation to a specific type of activity, especially to learning standards. Associated issues related areas See also accreditation: institutional accreditation programme accreditation regional accreditation specialist accreditation accreditation status re-accreditation accreditation survey duration of accreditation accreditation body Sources Vlãsceanu, L., Grünberg, L., and Pârlea, D., 2007, Quality Assurance and Accreditation: A Glossary of Basic Terms and Definitions ( , UNESCO-CEPES) Revised and updated edition (original 2004).
Top A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Home. Accreditation Status - Analytic Quality Glossary - Quality Research International. Accreditation status core definition Accreditation status is the embodiment of the decision made by the accreditation body. explanatory context In principle, an institution or programme is either accredited or it is not: a binary decision with equivalent accreditation status. Often, though, there are interim or provisional accreditation decisions that translate into a range of accreditation statuses. analytical review Generically, (Vlãsceanu, et al., 2007, p. 27), describe accreditation status as: The formal recognition benefiting an institution or specialized programme for meeting the appropriate standards of educational quality established by the accrediting body at a regional, national, or specialized level. associated issues related areas See also accreditation: institutional accreditation programme accreditation regional accreditation specialist accreditation re-accreditation accreditation survey accreditation portfolio duration of accreditation accreditation body Sources Top.
Accreditation Survey - Analytic Quality Glossary - Quality Research International. Accreditation survey core definition Accreditation survey is a term mainly applicable in the context and refers to a process of checking compliance. explanatory context analytical review The UNESCO definition is: The evaluation of an institution to identify its level of compliance with the applicable standards of the accreditation body and to make determinations concerning its accreditation status. In many respects this is similar to compliance audits. associated issues related areas See also accreditation: institutional accreditation programme accreditation regional accreditation specialist accreditation accreditation status re-accreditation accreditation portfolio accreditation body duration of accreditation Sources Vlãsceanu, L., Grünberg, L., and Pârlea, D., 2007, Quality Assurance and Accreditation: A Glossary of Basic Terms and Definitions ( , UNESCO-CEPES) Revised and updated edition (original 2004).
Top A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Home. Accelerated Programme - Analytic Quality Glossary - Quality Research International. Accelerated programme core definition explanatory context analytical review The Common Data Set of U.S. Higher Education Terminology (2010) states: associated issues related areas See also programme Sources Common Data Set of U.S. Top A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Home.
Accreditors - Analytic Quality Glossary - Quality Research International. Accreditors core definition Accreditors are agencies that provide recognition to institutions as part of an accreditation process. explanatory context Accreditors may be national, regional, professional or specialised analytical review CHEA (2002) defines the different types of accreditors as follows: National Accreditors: () Organizations that accredit public and private degree-granting, nonprofit, and for-profit institutions. Regional Accreditors: () Accredit public and private, nonprofit and for-profit, two- and four-year institutions in a specific geographic area. Specialized and Professional Accreditors: () Accredit specific programs or schools, such as law schools, medical schools, engineering schools, and health profession programs. () Professional and statutory bodies that approve or recognize specific programs (e.g., law, medicine, engineering, health professions, architecture) in the context of the requirements for professional qualification.
Associated issues related areas See also. Institutional Accreditation - Analytic Quality Glossary - Quality Research International. Institutional accreditational accreditation core definition explanatory context Institutional accreditation operates mainly in areas where there is a mixture of public and private higher education provision. analytical review For Vlãsceanu, et al., (2004, p. 20): The terms refer to the accreditation of the whole institution, including all its programmes, sites, and methods of delivery, without any implication as to the quality of the study programmes of the institution. (2004) wrote: Institutional accreditation effectively provides a licence to operate.
As CHEA notes, in some countries (such as and the ), ‘accreditation conveys institutional authority to offer specific programs’ (CHEA, 2001). Accreditation [in the ] is a voluntary process. Middle States Commission on Higher Education (2017) states: What is accreditation? Accreditation is a process of peer review that the educational community has adopted for its self-regulation since early in the 20th century. Types of Accreditors related areas.
Professional certification. Educational accreditation. Re-Accreditation - Analytic Quality Glossary - Quality Research International. Regional Accreditation - Analytic Quality Glossary - Quality Research International. Self-Accreditation - Analytic Quality Glossary - Quality Research International. Specialized Accreditation - Analytic Quality Glossary - Quality Research International. Credit. Credit Accumulation and Transfer Scheme. ☢️ ECTS.