History of Cognitive Science. Attempts to understand the mind and its operation go back at least to the Ancient Greeks, when philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle tried to explain the nature of human knowledge. The study of mind remained the province of philosophy until the nineteenth century, when experimental psychology developed. Wilhelm Wundt and his students initiated laboratory methods for studying mental operations more systematically. Within a few decades, however, experimental psychology became dominated by behaviorism, a view that virtually denied the existence of mind. According to behaviorists such as J. B. Watson, psychology should restrict itself to examining the relation between observable stimuli and observable behavioral responses.
Cog Psy Journals. Cognitive Psychology News. Behaviorism & Conditioning. Ethics of Behaviorism. Classical Conditioning. Chomsky - Skinner - Language. Domains in Psychology. Learning Theory & Connectivisim. Banduar Social Learning. Cognitive Tests. Attention. Teach Your Baby to Read. Repressed Memories. Tech, Social Media, cognition, behavior, and the brain. Neobehaviorism and Social Learning. Learning Styles. Elevator Speeches. Prison Ethics. Capstone. Schema | cognitive. Schema, in social science, mental structures that an individual uses to organize knowledge and guide cognitive processes and behaviour. People use schemata (the plural of schema) to categorize objects and events based on common elements and characteristics and thus interpret and predict the world. New information is processed according to how it fits into these mental structures, or rules.
In social science, particularly in cognitive science, it is understood that humans retrieve knowledge from various areas to draw conclusions about missing or non-evidential information, such as during decision making or political evaluation. Schemata represent the ways in which the characteristics of certain events or objects are recalled, as determined by one’s self-knowledge and cultural-political background. Examples of schemata include rubrics, perceived social roles, stereotypes, and worldviews. Don’t think to write, write to think - Herbert Lui. This is one of the lessons that every writer comes to appreciate: writing is thinking. Writing is not the artifact of thinking, it’s the actual thinking process. There’s no shortage of great quotes on this topic, the implications are less clear: Writing is the planning process and the final product: You don’t design a final piece of writing the same way you might design a computer on paper.
No writing emerges complete; everything has a starting point, and it’s usually a really crummy first draft. (It might also appear as an interview, a note, etc.) Writing as start and end point: With other processes, there are different tools for preliminary work—many things start with pen and paper, but most things transition into either different software of some sort, or into the physical realm. Writing a crummy first draft: If you only read books or polished articles, you might think that this is how all writing should simply be.
Final Project. 6 Principles to Form Healthy Habits. Source: JerzyGorecki/Pixabay Showering daily, eating junk food at school, going to bed early, jogging every morning, biting your nails when nervous, and watching TV when you get home from work are all examples of habits. Habit refers to context-dependent but goal-independent learned behaviors that require little mental effort. How can we form healthy habits? The first step is learning the science of habit formation. The present article summarizes six principles of habit formation, as discussed in a recent paper by Harvey et al., published in the March issue of Perspectives in Psychological Science. 1. Healthy habits are usually formed when, in pursuit of a goal, a person repeats a healthy behavior in a particular context. Application: To form healthy habits, the first step is to set goals.
For example, meditation can become a habit and persist even when the initial reason for meditating (e.g., extreme panic and anxiety) is no longer present. 2. Article continues after advertisement 3. 4. 5. The cognitive science behind effective ppts – The Daly Weekly Comm. I thought my slides for important presentations and lectures were good. Clean, to the point, sometimes even beautiful. Not so. After reading Paul and Cecik (2021) [1], I realized I often make 2 mistakes when designing and presenting slides: Mistake 1: I read aloud bullets on a slide Mistake 2: I often look for nice images to make the slides look good.
These are mistakes – and I am sure I am not alone in making them. Why are they mistakes, you ask? For mistake 1., audience members can’t listen and read at the same time – either it’s one or the other, or even worse, neither. For mistake 2., nice images that do not directly reinforce the slide message will distract the audience from it. Caveat We first need to clarify the type of presentations and teaching that benefits most from the following article. Many business and communications gurus have long talked about bad slides, good slides and how to make them and what their role is in preparing for a presentation. Cognitive load theory Conclusion. Acquisition of Chess Knowledge in AlphaZero. Chess engines are powerful tools used on a regular basis by chess professionals and amateurs alike in analysing and understanding individual positions and openings.
Recently, neural network chess engines such as AlphaZero, Leela Chess Zero, the Stockfish NNUE and Fat Fritz have emerged as powerful chess engines that are able to challenge more traditional engines which use manually implemented evaluation functions. Chess engines that are entirely self-taught through reinforcement learning, like AlphaZero, don’t use hand-coded evaluation functions. Instead, they learn to select moves and evaluate positions using data created by playing against themselves (known as self-play training). During self-play training, the network transitions from moving entirely at random through to intelligent move selection and insightful position evaluation.
When the DeepMind and Brain researchers began to compare human history to AlphaZero training, some surprising patterns began to emerge. Click to enlarge. Dunning-Kruger Effect: Ignorance and Overconfidence Affect Intuitive Thinking, New Study Says - The Debrief. In a newly published study, researchers say the Dunning-Kruger Effect can cause low-performers to overestimate their judgments during the intuitive decision-making process. According to the study published in the journal Frontiers in Psychology on April 8, 2021, researchers found that persons with the highest number of errors demonstrated the highest degree of miscalibration, or overconfidence, in their actual performance on the cognitive reflection test.
Researchers say study results have potential implications for the theoretical cognitive bias that persons with low abilities tend to overestimate their actual capabilities, also known as the Dunning-Kruger effect. Speaking with The Debrief, Dr. Justin Couchman, professor of psychology at Albright College and co-author of the recent study, says the ability to make correct intuitive decisions is increasingly becoming one of the most critical skills to have in the modern information-technology age. Dr. On Chomsky's Appraisal of Skinner's Verbal Behavior: A Half Century of Misunderstanding. The comforting pseudoscience of the MBTI. When I was in uni, we had to attend a series of workshops designed to improve our career prospects. We were supposed to learn how to create a resume, how to use job boards, and lots of other useful skills.
At the beginning of the very first session, the instructor gave us a long personality test to fill. It was the MBTI questionnaire, short for Myers–Briggs Type Indicator. I got INTJ, which stands for Introverted, iNtuitive, Thinking, and Judging. As I read the description (“a scientist with exceptional ability to turn theories into action, a natural leader with very high standards for their performance”), I thought, wow, that’s great. Then, I turned to a friend and asked to read what theirs said. They got ESTJ, for Extroverted, Sensing, Thinking, and Judging.
A few years later, when I joined Google, I took the test again as part of a team building exercise. Since then, I’ve seen many people mention the MBTI in their online profiles and in conversations. The problem? What’s the issue? Investigation of Cognition with Schema Model | E3S Web of Conferences. E3S Web of Conferences 233, 02028 (2021) Dubai America Academy, 00000 Hessa Street - Sheikh Zayed Rd, Dubai, United Arab Emirates Abstract Schema model (schema network) is a model established on the concept of neural network, networking memory, and the subconsciousness.
It is also related to psychoanalysis which is barely seen in papers of neuroscience today. This paper reviews different pre-existing theories around “cognition” and schema. Psychopathy: An Important Forensic Concept for the 21st Century — LEB. Endnotes 1 Robert D. Hare and Matthew H. Logan, “Criminal Psychopathy: An Introduction for Police,” in The Psychology of Criminal Investigations: The Search for the Truth, ed. Michel St-Yves and Michel Tanguay (Cowansville, QC: Editions Yvon Blais, 2009). 2 Hare and Logan, “Criminal Psychopathy: An Introduction for Police.” 3 Paul J. Frick and Monica A. 4 Angus W. 5 Dewey G. 6 J. 7 Meloy, The Psychopathic Mind: Origins, Dynamics, and Treatment; and Stephen Porter and Michael Woodworth, “Psychopathy and Aggression,” in Handbook of Psychopathy, ed. 8 Mary Ellen O’Toole, “Psychopathy as a Behavior Classification System for Violent and Serial Crime Scenes,” in The Psychopath: Theory, Research, and Practice, ed. 9 Woodworth and Porter, “In Cold Blood: Characteristics of Criminal Homicides as a Function of Psychopathy.” 10 Paul Babiak, “When Psychopaths Go to Work,” Applied Psychology: An International Review 44, no. 2 (1995):171-188; and Paul Babiak and Robert D. 11 Robert D. 12 Grant T.
Psychopathy by U.S. state: A translation of regional measures of the Big Five personality traits to regional measures of psychopathy. Author links open overlay panel Abstract Rentfrow et al. (2013) constructs a cross-section of the “Big Five” personality traits and demonstrates their relationship with outcomes variables for the continental United States and the District of Columbia. Hyatt et al. (Forthcoming) creates a means of describing psychopathy in terms of the Big Five personality traits. When these two findings are combined, a state-level estimate of psychopathy is produced. Reddit - Dive into anything. The Science Behind Cambridge Analytica: Does Psychological Profiling Work?
Online ads are measurably more persuasive when they target a user’s psychological traits. | Photo Illustration by Tricia Seibold with iStock/izusek and iStock/axel2001 Silicon Valley and Washington are both in an uproar about revelations that Cambridge Analytica, a pro-Trump “psychographic” consulting firm, got ahold of detailed personal data on 87 million Facebook users. But while much of the furor has been over privacy and ethics, a practical question remains: Is psychological targeting an effective tool of digital propaganda? The answer, according to a Stanford researcher who pioneered many of the original techniques, is “yes.”
“I’ve been warning about these risks for years,’’ says Michal Kosinski, a psychologist and assistant professor of organizational behavior at Stanford Graduate School of Business. “Our latest research confirms that this kind of psychological targeting is not only possible but effective as a tool of digital mass persuasion.” Taking Advantage of Facebook “Likes” Quote. Reddit - Dive into anything. Psychiatry.org - Learn. Over the past decade, the integration of behavioral health and general medical services has been shown to improve patient outcomes, save money, and reduce stigma related to mental health. Significant research spanning three decades has identified one model – the Collaborative Care Model – in particular, as being effective and efficient in delivering integrated care. The report Dissemination of Integrated Care Within Adult Primary Care Settings: The Collaborative Care Model, developed jointly by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) and Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine (APM), reviews the current evidence-base for the Collaborative Care Model, essential implementation elements with detailed examples, lessons learned by those who have implemented the model, and recommendations for how to advance its use to better meet the whole health needs people with mental health conditions How It Works Key Findings Get Trained.
Developing a collaborative care training program in a psychiatry residency - PMC. Reddit - Dive into anything. Reddit - Dive into anything. Reddit - Dive into anything. Reddit - Dive into anything. Attention Is My Most Valuable Asset for Productivity as a Software Developer. TL;DR - The older I get and experiment the more I realised: a "BALANCED" approach(philosophy) is the best in all things health. For long term vitality(fitness-function). Ignore short-term gains (fitness function) from "extreme views" or choices - they either don't last or is not sustainable. I see a lot of anecdotes and recommendations for health and exercise regime etc. Allow me to cite my own experience and armchair-opinions.
I'm in no way an expert or special(physiology) - although my mom thinks I'm super ! I think many of the HN community can relate to my experience. I'm 38 male generally healthy (minus some sport/exercise injuries). I'm sort of an extremest in all things and especially health ! This Includes The following: -Supplementation(vitamins,fish/krill oils, minerals, timing,brands, protocols etc) -Diets(all sorts) --keto --elimination, --lowcarb,high-card --Paleo --Carnivore --Vegetarian(this one really sucked for me) -Nootropics(What a rabbit-hole ! Vicarious Reinforcement in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca Mulatta) | Neuroscience. Introduction Reinforcement learning provides a powerful mechanism for associating stimuli and actions with the direct experience of reward and punishment (Rescorla and Wagner, 1972; Schultz et al., 1997; Sutton and Barto, 1998). Behavioral and neurobiological evidence indicate that human behavior also depends on outcomes that have not been directly experienced.
For example, fictive, or counterfactual, learning describes sensitivity to reward outcomes for options that were not chosen, were merely observed, or were even imagined (Byrne, 2002; Lohrenz et al., 2007; Epstude and Roese, 2008). Fictive learning can be described formally in terms analogous to reinforcement learning (Lohrenz et al., 2007), and may depend on overlapping neural circuitry (Lohrenz et al., 2007; Hayden et al., 2009; Mobbs et al., 2009).
Observing what happens to others also powerfully shapes human learning and behavior (Berger, 1962; Bandura and McDonald, 1963; Bandura et al., 1963). Materials and Methods Figure 1. Reddit - Dive into anything. The Properties of Human Memory and Their Importance for Information Visualization. 50 Cognitive Biases in the Modern World. 18.3: 18.2-Reciprocal Determinism - Social Sci LibreTexts. Remembering the Father of Cognitive Psychology. A Valediction – Another Word. How Technology Hijacks People’s Minds — From Google’s Design Ethicist. Raven Shakes His Tail Feathers Every Time He Sees Dad | The Dodo. Could School Testing Be Driving ADHD? Reddit - Dive into anything. Short-term memory and long-term memory are still different. - PubMed - NCBI.
Effects of distraction on memory and cognition: a commentary - PMC. Functional Stability and Learning in the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex. How Only Using Logic Destroyed a Man’s Life -- Science of Us. Self-Help: The Top 5 Lessons From 500+ Self-Help Books. Mental Model Research Methods: Relationships Among ACSMM, SMD, MITOCAR & DEEP Methodologies | Dirk Ifenthaler. The effects of Portal 2 and Lumosity on cognitive and noncognitive skills. Cognitive Distortions of People Who Get Stuff Done (2012) [pdf] Blood donor incentives: A step forward or backward - PMC. KLASSICKEMCEE- PURPOSE. Mystery solved: We now know what happened to Little Albert. Learned helplessness at fifty: Insights from neuroscience. - PubMed - NCBI. Developing and Implementing a Positive Behavioral Reinforcement Intervention in Prison-Based Drug Treatment: Project BRITE - PMC. Researchers find causal link between running speed and enhanced learning. 3. Reinforcement Theory - PSYCH 484: Work Attitudes and Job Motivation.
Abduction. A Brief History of Sensation and Reward - Neurobiology of Sensation and Reward - NCBI Bookshelf. The Creepy Way Facebook And Amazon Profit Off Our Private Data | HuffPost Impact. Meet the tech company that wants to make you even more addicted to your phone. The power of play: The effects of Portal 2 and Lumosity on cognitive and noncognitive skills.
Psychology Study Guides - SparkNotes. PSYCH206: Cognitive Psychology.