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Determinants of Health

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Each of the following articles, documents and websites are referenced in my blog post "Determinants of Health: A National, Provincial and Individual Perspective". A brief description of each can be found below:

Appuhamy, R. (Director). (2017, June 25).

Social Determinants of Health - an introduction [Video file]. Retrieved June 5, 2019, from This video provides a simple and effective explanation of determinants of health and how they influence society.

Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives. (2016, December 19). Study calculates living wage for Halifax and Antigonish. Retrieved June 5, 2019, from This site provides information about how much an individual needs to make per hour to live in Halifax and Antigonish. It raises a valid point that minimum wage is not a living wage.

Gore, D., & Kothari, A. (2012). Social determinants of health in Canada: are healthy living initiatives there yet? A policy analysis. International journal for equity in health, 11, 41. doi:10.1186/1475-9276-11-41

- This article analyzed how healthy living initiatives were being implemented by the Ontario and British Columbia using recent policy frame works. It was found that most initiatives were geared toward life-style changes and community programs, with very few aimed at changing upstream determinants that create inequities between genders, income levels and ethnic groups

Government of Canada. (2019). Social Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities. Retrieved June 05, 2019, from This site provides a list of the determinants of health provided by the Government of Canada and provides information about health inequities and inequalities.

Kronstein, A. (2017, May 12). The social determinants of health in Nova Scotia. Part 1: Poverty makes you sick. Retrieved June 5, 2019, from This blog advocates for disability rights and a voice for social justice issues in Nova Scotia. This blog discusses the issue of minimum wage not being a living wage.

Martin D., Miller A.-p., Quesnel-Vallée A., Caron N.-r., Vissandjée B., Marchildon G.-p. (2018). Canada's universal health-care system: Achieving its potential doi: This article discusses the working poor being one of the most vulnerable populations impacted by the determinants of health.

Nova Scotia. Department of Health and Wellness. (2014). Nova Scotia public health: Healthy communities protocol. Halifax, N.S.: Dept. of Health and Wellness.

- This protocol explains public health planning, assessing, implementing and evaluating actions with consideration of health inequities and inequalities pertaining to the determinants of health in Nova Scotia.

Nova Scotia. Department of Health and Wellness. (2014). Nova Scotia public health: Healthy development protocol. Halifax, N.S.: Dept. of Health and Wellness.

- This protocol also explains public health planning, assessing, implementing and evaluating actions with consideration of health inequities and inequalities pertaining to the determinants of health in Nova Scotia, with focus on the developmental years.

Nova Scotia Labour and Advanced Education. (2019, April 01). Minimum Wage : NS Labour and Advanced Education, Employment Rights. Retrieved June 5, 2019, from This site provides current values for minimum wage in Nova Scotia.

Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (n.d.). Determinants of Health. Retrieved June 2, 2019, from This site provides a detailed definition of what a determinant of health is. It also organizes these determinants into varying categories that can be further explored.

Research Nova Scotia. (2019). Introducing Research N.S: About. Retrieved June 6, 2019, from This organization is in place to foster research and development contributing to improved social and economic outcomes for Nova Scotians.

Appuhamy, R. (Director). (2017, June 25). Social Determinants of Health - an introduction [Video file]. Retrieved June 5, 2019, from. Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives. (2016, December 19). Study calculates living wage for Halifax and Antigonish. Retrieved June 5, 2019, from. HALIFAX/ANTIGONISH, NS—Two working parents with two children need to each earn a minimum of $19.17 an hour to make ends meet in Halifax, and $17.30 an hour in Antigonish, says a new study released today by the the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives–Nova Scotia, in partnership with the Antigonish Poverty Reduction Coalition.

The report, Working for a Living, Not Living for Work, uses the Canadian Living Wage Framework to calculate two local community living wage rates for Nova Scotia. This is the first time the calculation has been done for Antigonish. The living wage for Halifax decreased by almost one dollar, from $20.10 in 2015 to $19.17 in 2016, mainly due to the new Canada Child Benefit. “The living wage is an important benchmark because it is evidence-based and locally-tested; it has been proven to increase productivity, decrease turnover, and allow workers to fully contribute, in the workplace and beyond,” says report co-author Christine Saulnier, CCPA Nova Scotia Director. Gore, D., & Kothari, A. (2012). Social determinants of health in Canada: are healthy living initiatives there yet? A policy analysis. International journal for equity in health, 11, 41. doi:10.1186/1475-9276-11-41.

Government of Canada. (2019). Social Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities. Retrieved June 05, 2019, from. Determinants of health are the broad range of personal, social, economic and environmental factors that determine individual and population health. The main determinants of health include: Income and social statusEmployment and working conditionsEducation and literacyChildhood experiencesPhysical environmentsSocial supports and coping skillsHealthy behavioursAccess to health servicesBiology and genetic endowmentGenderCultureRace / Racism Social determinants of health refer to a specific group of social and economic factors within the broader determinants of health.

These relate to an individual's place in society, such as income, education or employment. Experiences of discrimination, racism and historical trauma are important social determinants of health for certain groups such as Indigenous Peoples, LGBTQ and Black Canadians. Health inequalities in Canada Canada is one of the healthiest countries in the world.

Supporting the reduction of health inequalities Funding Opportunities. Kronstein, A. (2017, May 12). The social determinants of health in Nova Scotia. Part 1: Poverty makes you sick. Retrieved June 5, 2019, from. KJIPUKTUK (Halifax) – Health care is always an important public policy issue in Nova Scotia, and indeed the rest of Canada, during election time or otherwise. We often hear about the rising costs of health care. Things like drugs, technology and equipment, utilization, doctors, nurses, labour agreements continue to drive up the cost. In fact, health care in Nova Scotia currently consumes 46% of the provincial budget. And health care costs go up every year, faster than provincial revenue. It is said that this state of affairs will continue unless there are structural changes to the healthcare system. Maybe there’s another way to address these issues.

The social determinants of health are the living conditions people experience that have an impact on whether they stay healthy or become sick. Most of our elected officials rarely, if ever, talk about the social determinants of health. Income and income distribution – the rich get richer, the poor get poorer So what can we do about this? Martin D., Miller A.-p., Quesnel-Vallée A., Caron N.-r., Vissandjée B., Marchildon G.-p. (2018). Canada's universal health-care system: Achieving its potential doi: Nova Scotia Department of Health and Wellness. (2014). Nova Scotia public health: Healthy communities protocol. Halifax, N.S.: Dept. of Health and Wellness. Nova Scotia Department of Health and Wellness. (2014). Nova Scotia public health: Healthy development protocol. Halifax, N.S.: Dept. of Health and Wellness.

Nova Scotia Labour and Advanced Education. (2019, April 01). Minimum Wage : NS Labour and Advanced Education, Employment Rights. Retrieved June 5, 2019, from. Changes to the minimum wage As of April 1, 2019, employers must pay experienced employees at least $11.55 per hour. They must pay inexperienced employees at least $11.05 for each hour of work. The Minister of Labour and Advanced Education has announced Government has accepted the recommendations of the Minimum Wage Review Committee to increase the rate and update the calculation to set the rate for the next three years. Based on the committee's review, the calculation to set minimum wage at Statistics Canada's Low Income Cut Off threshold has been updated to accurately reflect an average work week for full-time employees. The committee recommends the minimum wage increase by about 55 cents each year. The Nova Scotia Minimum Wage Review Committee Report (November 2018): English | French There are three minimum wage orders: Minimum Wage Order (General) Minimum Wage Order (Construction and Property Maintenance) Minimum Wage Order (Logging and Forestry) What the Minimum Wage Order Does Overtime.

Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (n.d.). Determinants of Health. Retrieved June 2, 2019, from. What makes some people healthy and others unhealthy? How can we create a society in which everyone has a chance to live a long, healthy life? Healthy People 2020 is exploring these questions by: Developing objectives that address the relationship between health status and biology, individual behavior, health services, social factors, and policies.Emphasizing an ecological approach to disease prevention and health promotion. An ecological approach focuses on both individual-level and population-level determinants of health and interventions. About Determinants of Health The range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status are known as determinants of health.

Determinants of health fall under several broad categories: It is the interrelationships among these factors that determine individual and population health. Back to Top Policymaking Policies at the local, state, and federal level affect individual and population health. Social Factors References. Research Nova Scotia. (2019). Introducing Research N.S: About. Retrieved June 6, 2019, from.