I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings: Plot Overview In I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Maya Angelou describes her coming of age as a precocious but insecure black girl in the American South during the 1930s and subsequently in California during the 1940s. Maya’s parents divorce when she is only three years old and ship Maya and her older brother, Bailey, to live with their paternal grandmother, Annie Henderson, in rural Stamps, Arkansas. Annie, whom they call Momma, runs the only store in the black section of Stamps and becomes the central moral figure in Maya’s childhood. As young children, Maya and Bailey struggle with the pain of having been rejected and abandoned by their parents. Maya also finds herself tormented by the belief that she is an ugly child who will never measure up to genteel, white girls. She does not feel equal to other black children. Growing up in Stamps, Maya faces a deep-seated southern racism manifested in wearying daily indignities and terrifying lynch mobs.
Asterisk* LITAF : littérature africaine francophone I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou The free bird leaps on the back of the wind and floats downstream till the current ends and dips his wings in the orange sun rays and dares to claim the sky. But a bird that stalks down his narrow cage can seldom see through his bars of rage his wings are clipped and his feet are tied so he opens his throat to sing. The caged bird sings with fearful trill of the things unknown but longed for still and his tune is heard on the distant hill for the caged bird sings of freedom The free bird thinks of another breeze and the trade winds soft through the sighing trees and the fat worms waiting on a dawn-bright lawn and he names the sky his own. But a caged bird stands on the grave of dreams his shadow shouts on a nightmare scream his wings are clipped and his feet are tied so he opens his throat to sing The caged bird sings with a fearful trill of things unknown but longed for still and his tune is heard on the distant hill for the caged bird sings of freedom. © by owner.
World English-Language Scrabble Players Association Tournaments The WESPA Tournaments Committee co-ordinates the schedule of global tournaments, sets the rating criteria for selection of tournaments on the world circuit, and establishes requirements for organisers of tournaments to be internationallly rated. Tournament organisers wishing to submit their event for WESPA ratings can apply through here. For any further queries please contact the tournament & ratings committee chair or webmaster. Click here to view the WESPA result sheet. To view the full list of planned CSW tournaments in North America click here. Please note tournaments that are ratings approval pending or unrated but of particular interest are shown in italics with a grey background.
Malfini Jim Crow Laws - Martin Luther King Jr National Historic Site From the 1880s into the 1960s, a majority of American states enforced segregation through "Jim Crow" laws (so called after a black character in minstrel shows). From Delaware to California, and from North Dakota to Texas, many states (and cities, too) could impose legal punishments on people for consorting with members of another race. The most common types of laws forbade intermarriage and ordered business owners and public institutions to keep their black and white clientele separated. Here is a sampling of laws from various states. Nurses: No person or corporation shall require any white female nurse to nurse in wards or rooms in hospitals, either public or private, in which negro men are placed. Buses: All passenger stations in this state operated by any motor transportation company shall have separate waiting rooms or space and separate ticket windows for the white and colored races. Intermarriage: It shall be unlawful for a white person to marry anyone except a white person.
Gnostics, Gnostic Gospels, & Gnosticism A one-sentence description of Gnosticism: a religion that differentiates the evil god of this world (who is identified with the god of the Old Testament) from a higher more abstract God revealed by Jesus Christ, a religion that regards this world as the creation of a series of evil archons/powers who wish to keep the human soul trapped in an evil physical body, a religion that preaches a hidden wisdom or knowledge only to a select group as necessary for salvation or escape from this world. The term "gnostic" derives from "gnosis," which means "knowledge" in Greek. The Gnostics believed that they were privy to a secret knowledge about the divine, hence the name. (Huxley coined "agnosticism" on the basis that all knowledge must be based on reason. There are numerous references to the Gnostics in second century proto-orthodox literature. Besides Marcion, other important Gnostics were Basilides and Valentinus. Here are some books about Gnostics and Gnosticism.
La revue Revue internationale à comité de lecture Publiée par l’Association pour l’Étude des Littératures Africaines et le centre Écritures (EA 3943) de l’Université de Lorraine avec le soutien de LAM (Les Afriques dans le monde / UMR 5115). L’APELA publie depuis 1996 une revue semestrielle intitulée Études Littéraires Africaines (ELA). Celle-ci a succédé au Bulletin de liaison mis en place par Virginie Coulon depuis la fondation de l’Association. La revue se compose de différentes rubriques : - Un dossier portant sur une problématique, une œuvre ou un auteur. - Une rubrique « A propos de… » rend compte de débats contemporains concernant les littératures africaines ou propose des regards croisés sur des ouvrages récents particulièrement importants. - Un ensemble de comptes rendus (ou de notes bibliographiques plus succinctes) concernant des ouvrages théoriques ou critiques. - Varias : articles hors dossier. La revue est envoyée aux membres de l’APELA en ordre de cotisation pour l’année en cours.
FREE I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings Plot Summary Marguerite, or Maya, Johnson is a young black girl growing up in the racist town of Stamps, Arkansas. She and her brother Bailey (her only friend in the world) were sent to Arkansas by their parents when she was three and he four: they now live with their father's mother, Momma. Momma is strictly religious, and she owns a general store where the children are expected to work. They are both very intelligent, and spend much of their time reading because there is little else to do in Stamps. Maya's life continues with a series of episodes that affect her in different ways-some positive, some negative-but all of them teach her something. In California, Maya at first lives with her grandmother, then her mother.
Spirituality and campfires - Phoenix Spiritual What is it about camp fires that attracts us? We seem to have an old, ingrained memory of fire that draws us to it. Our ancestors told stories around camp fires. Some stories were told by word of mouth while other stories were told through dance. Camp fires brought us together as families and communities. For those with portable or stationary backyard firepits or those able to go camping, enjoy the peace and comradery afforded by camp fires. As you watch the flames, allow your worries and the stress of everyday life to fall away and be absorbed by the surrounding darkness. You have a living fire within you - a divine spark of the brightest essence. Please don't allow life's rain to put out the spiritual fire that burns within you. Peace to all