How did soldiers cope with war? - The British Library Curator Dr Matthew Shaw, explores notions of patriotism, social cohesion, routine and propaganda, to ask how soldiers of World War One were able to psychologically cope with the realities of combat. Introduction Given our understanding of the horrors of war, it is often difficult to understand how men coped with life at the Front during the First World War. Many, of course, did not: it is during this period that shell shock and what we now know as post-traumatic stress disorder were first described and diagnosed . Hundreds, across all the armies involved in the war, deserted, and both sides faced large mutinies – among the French in 1917 and by the German navy in 1918, as well the Russian Revolution in 1917. Ideology The ability for both sides to place so many men in the field for so long is testament not just to the power and control the military could exert but also to the strength of belief of those involved in the fighting. Friends and enemies View images from this item (1)
Rudbeck-IB-History-Revision - 2.1 Causes of the First World War Past Exam Questions:Paper 2 -Compare and contrast the causes of the First World War and the Second World War (May 2008)Compare and contrast the reasons for Germany’s involvement in the First and Second World Wars (Nov 2007)Examine the part played by each of the following in the outbreak of the First World War: alliances; mobilization; Balkan nationalism. (Nov 2006)In what ways did the causes of the Second World War differ from the causes of the First World War? (May 2004)Paper 3 -“Wars frequently begin ten years before the first shot is fired.” After 1871, the war atmosphere engendered by the secret alliances led to an armaments race among the powers. Background: Tripple alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy The countries had promised to aid each other militarily in the event war. The Balkan Crisis 1912-1913 The Agadir crisis brought European politics ro a pitch of tension and the implications spread eastwards down the Meditterranean.
What the Spanish civil war can reveal about Syria As the battle for Aleppo continues unabated, this intense episode in the Syrian civil war harkens back to a vicious battle for another Mediterranean city, Barcelona, during the Spanish civil war. July 2016 marked the 80-year anniversary of the outbreak of the conflict in Spain, lasting from 1936 to 1939. In July 1936, General Francisco Franco led a rebellion among the Spanish military and his allies, collectively referred to as the Nationalists, against the recently elected left leaning Republican Government. The Republican government rallied its military forces to its defence, in addition to anarchist and communist militia, and a civil war ensued. I refrain from invoking the cliched phrase, "history repeats itself". The similarities Comparisons between these two conflicts have been made before. OPINION: Spain - searching for Garcia Lorca Both these parties demonstrated their dependence on airpower, even though 80 years have transpired, and aerial technology has developed significantly.
The debate on the origins of World War One - The British Library Beginning with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Dr Annika Mombauer explores the opposing debates about the origins of World War One. Is it possible for historians to arrive at a consensus? The hundred-year debate How could the death of one man, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, who was assassinated on 28 June 1914, lead to the deaths of millions in a war of unprecedented scale and ferocity? Satirical drawing by R. 'Cupidity', a satirical drawing showing the hands of men from countries involved in World War One, arguing for control of the world. View images from this item (1) Copyright: © Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico The need to fight a defensive war Establishing the responsibility for the escalation of the July Crisis into a European war – and ultimately a world war – was paramount even before fighting had begun. The French and Belgians, Russians, Serbs and British were convinced they were indeed involved in a defensive struggle for just aims. Treaty of Versailles Footnotes
Art forever changed by World War I - Los Angeles Times A scene from “All Quiet on the Western Front” from 1930. (Universal Pictures, Universal…) Along with millions of idealistic young men who were cut to pieces by machine guns and obliterated by artillery shells, there was another major casualty of World War I: traditional ideas about Western art. The Great War of 1914-18 tilted culture on its axis, particularly in Europe and the United States. Nearly 100 years later, that legacy is being wrestled with in film, visual art, music, television shows like the gauzily nostalgic PBS soaper "Downton Abbey" and plays including the Tony Award-winning"War Horse," concluding its run at the Ahmanson Theatre. "It created an epoch in art," said Leo Braudy, a USC professor of English and author of "From Chivalry to Terrorism: War and the Changing Nature of Masculinity." Particularly in his country, he said, World War I resonates louder than the even greater cataclysm that followed it 20 years later.
Lesson: Nat. of Sci. mini-lesson: Checks Lab Before Doing this lab, consider doing the NEW High-Tech Version: The E-Mail Lab. (Details below under EXTENSIONS AND VARIATIONS. TEACHER PREPARATIONS: 1. Because this lesson provides an excellent opportunity to understand important elements of the Nature of Science , be sure to read our General Background Information, with our Rationale and our Approach, and tips for Presenting the lessons for maximum effect and Dispelling some of the popular myths about science. 2. In any of the discussions expected with the class, select a few key items (important concepts) that lend themselves to interpretation, and introduce class to the Think-Pair-Share (TPS) routine dealing with those items. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. We have TWO VERSIONS of this activity available here. SET A: 16 checks: 4 checks/sheet; WITH check numbers note that the printed instructions say "...pull 4 checks..." SET B: 16 checks: 4 checks/sheet; NO check numbers; note that the printed instructions say "...pull 4 checks..." 2. 3. 4. 5. 1.
The fall of the Berlin Wall: what it meant to be there | Timothy Garton Ash | World news We throw chocolates up to the putty-faced East German frontier troops, as they stand guard – against whom? defending what? – atop a Wall that since yesterday has become useless. They push the chocs away with their boots. One of the West Berliners standing next to me tries again: “Wouldn’t you like a West-cigarette?” Sheepish refusal. Lines scribbled in my notebook. There are things in my notebook which I later published and therefore always remember: the breathless, denim-jacketed couple from the provinces asking: “Excuse me, is this the way out?” But there are other passages that I had quite forgotten, and some of them don’t fit so comfortably into hindsight’s fairytale of liberation. “Most of Stasi not torturers, beasts,” recorded my indignant pencil, but “decent, clean people – anständige, saubere Menschen”. Some of those who applauded loudly then, in the Deutsches Theater, will have re-remembered their own reaction by now. As she observes, the “why” is inseparable from the “how”.
Art forever changed by World War I - Los Angeles Times Along with millions of idealistic young men who were cut to pieces by machine guns and obliterated by artillery shells, there was another major casualty of World War I: traditional ideas about Western art. The Great War of 1914-18 tilted culture on its axis, particularly in Europe and the United States. Nearly 100 years later, that legacy is being wrestled with in film, visual art, music, television shows like the gauzily nostalgic PBS soaper "Downton Abbey" and plays including the Tony Award-winning"War Horse," concluding its run at the Ahmanson Theatre. "It created an epoch in art," said Leo Braudy, a USC professor of English and author of "From Chivalry to Terrorism: War and the Changing Nature of Masculinity." "The question is, what was on one side and what was on the other?" The simple answer as to what lay on the near side of World War I is Modernism, that slippery but indispensable term denoting a wide range of new sensibilities and aesthetic responses to the industrial age. "War!
The Inevitable, Intergalactic Awkwardness of Time Capsules The Golden Record is affixed to the Voyager 1 spacecraft, 29 July 1979. (Photo: NASA/Public Domain) The year is… let's say it's 42026. You're cruising along your regular orbit, minding your own business, when suddenly, your craft's detection system registers a mysterious interloper. An image of it blinks onscreen: It's unshielded, it's oddly shaped, and it's not showing up in any of the databases. From a distance, it looks like one for the junk heap—cheap metal, outdated design, and judging from its 17,000 meter-per-second approach, slower than anything else in the galaxy. Minutes later, you've towed the thing to the nearest port, and are watching as mechanics wrench the disc off, read the instructions, and begin to decode what's inside. Launched in 1977 aboard Voyager Probes 1 and 2, the two identical Golden Records are essentially "Now! The cover of the Golden Record. Excited, you settle in to see what they've sent. "Zoinks," you think to yourself, shaking your heads. Trash Capsules