alien ecologies | the hyperstitional portal to futurial mutation Georges Bizet Georges Bizet (French: [ʒɔʁʒ bizɛ];[1] 25 October 1838 – 3 June 1875), registered at birth as Alexandre César Léopold Bizet, was a French composer of the Romantic era. Best known for his operas in a career cut short by his early death, Bizet achieved few successes before his final work, Carmen, which has become one of the most popular and frequently performed works in the entire opera repertoire. During a brilliant student career at the Conservatoire de Paris, Bizet won many prizes, including the prestigious Prix de Rome in 1857. Bizet's marriage to Geneviève Halévy was intermittently happy and produced one son. Life[edit] Early years[edit] Family background and childhood[edit] Georges Bizet was born in Paris on 25 October 1838. Conservatoire[edit] Charles Gounod, depicted here in later life, was a mentor and inspiration to Bizet in the latter's Conservatoire years. In 1856, Bizet competed for the prestigious Prix de Rome. Rome, 1858–1860[edit] Georges Bizet photographed in about 1860
John Dryden 17th-century English poet and playwright John Dryden (; 19 August [O.S. 9 August] 1631 – 12 May [O.S. 1 May] 1700) was an English poet, literary critic, translator, and playwright who was made England's first Poet Laureate in 1668.[1] Early life[edit] Dryden was born in the village rectory of Aldwincle near Thrapston in Northamptonshire, where his maternal grandfather was rector of All Saints. He was the eldest of fourteen children born to Erasmus Dryden and wife Mary Pickering, paternal grandson of Sir Erasmus Dryden, 1st Baronet (1553–1632), and wife Frances Wilkes, Puritan landowning gentry who supported the Puritan cause and Parliament. As a humanist public school, Westminster maintained a curriculum which trained pupils in the art of rhetoric and the presentation of arguments for both sides of a given issue. Later life and career[edit] Dryden, by James Maubert, c. 1695 Frontispiece and title page, vol. Reputation and influence[edit] Dryden near end of his life Poetic style[edit]
Georg Cantor German mathematician (1845–1918) Georg Ferdinand Ludwig Philipp Cantor ( KAN-tor, German: [ˈɡeːɔʁk ˈfɛʁdinant ˈluːtvɪç ˈfiːlɪp ˈkantɔʁ]; 3 March [O.S. 19 February] 1845 – 6 January 1918[1]) was a mathematician. He played a pivotal role in the creation of set theory, which has become a fundamental theory in mathematics. Cantor established the importance of one-to-one correspondence between the members of two sets, defined infinite and well-ordered sets, and proved that the real numbers are more numerous than the natural numbers. Cantor's method of proof of this theorem implies the existence of an infinity of infinities. Originally, Cantor's theory of transfinite numbers was regarded as counter-intuitive – even shocking. The harsh criticism has been matched by later accolades. Biography[edit] Youth and studies[edit] Georg Cantor, born in 1845 in Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire, was brought up in that city until the age of eleven. Teacher and researcher[edit] ... Later years and death[edit]
Anachronism Chronological inconsistency An anachronism (from the Greek ἀνά ana, "against" and χρόνος khronos, "time") is a chronological inconsistency in some arrangement, especially a juxtaposition of persons, events, objects, or customs from different periods. The most common type of anachronism is an object misplaced in time, but it may be a verbal expression, a technology, a philosophical idea, a musical style, a material, a plant or animal, a custom, or anything else associated with a particular period that is placed outside its proper temporal domain. An anachronism may be either intentional or unintentional. Intentional anachronisms may be introduced into a literary or artistic work to help a contemporary audience engage more readily with a historical period. Anachronism can also be used for purposes of rhetoric, comedy, or shock. Types[edit] Parachronism[edit] Prochronism[edit] Behavioral and cultural anachronism[edit] Politically motivated anachronism[edit] Art and literature[edit] Examples are:
Carl Friedrich Zelter Carl Friedrich Zelter (11 December 1758 – 15 May 1832)[1] was a German composer, conductor and teacher of music. Working in his father's bricklaying business, Zelter attained mastership in that profession, and was a musical autodidact. Zelter was born and died in Berlin. He became friendly with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, and his works include settings of Goethe's poems. Amongst Zelter's pupils (at different times) were Felix Mendelssohn,[3][4] Fanny Mendelssohn,[5] Giacomo Meyerbeer, Eduard Grell, Otto Nicolai, Johann Friedrich Naue, and Heinrich Dorn.[6] See: List of music students by teacher: T to Z#Carl Friedrich Zelter. Postage stamp (1952) from the series Men from Berlin's Past Zelter was the author of a biography of Carl Friedrich Christian Fasch, first published in 1801 by J.F. External links[edit] Free scores by Carl Friedrich Zelter at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP) Notes[edit] References[edit] Garratt, James (2002).
Auguste Comte French philosopher, mathematician and sociologist (1798–1857) Isidore Marie Auguste François Xavier Comte (French: [oˈɡyst kɔ̃t] ; 19 January 1798 – 5 September 1857)[6] was a French philosopher, mathematician and writer who formulated the doctrine of positivism. He is often regarded as the first philosopher of science in the modern sense of the term.[7] Comte's ideas were also fundamental to the development of sociology; indeed, he invented the term and treated that discipline as the crowning achievement of the sciences.[8] Influenced by Henri de Saint-Simon,[6] Comte's work attempted to remedy the social disorder caused by the French Revolution, which he believed indicated imminent transition to a new form of society. He sought to establish a new social doctrine based on science, which he labelled positivism. Life[edit] In 1824, Comte left Saint-Simon, again because of unbridgeable differences. Comte married Caroline Massin in 1825. Work[edit] Comte's positivism[edit] [edit] Notes[edit]
Léon Brunschvicg From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia French philosopher Léon Brunschvicg (French: [leɔ̃ bʁœ̃svik]; 10 November 1869 – 18 January 1944) was a French Idealist philosopher. He co-founded the Revue de métaphysique et de morale with Xavier Léon and Élie Halévy in 1893. Life[edit] He was born into a Jewish family.[4][5] While at the Sorbonne, Brunschvicg was the supervisor for Simone de Beauvoir's masters thesis (on the ideas of Leibniz). Forced to leave his position at the Sorbonne by the Nazis, Brunschvicg fled to the south of France, where he died at the age of 74. Brunschvicg defined philosophy as "the mind's methodical self-reflection" and gave a central role to judgement. The publication of Brunschvicg's oeuvre has been recently completed after unpublished materials held in Russia were returned to his family in 2001. Works (selected)[edit] English translations Notes[edit] Further reading[edit] René Boirel, Brunschvicg. External links[edit]
Victor Kandinsky Victor Khrisanfovich Kandinsky (Russian: Виктор Хрисанфович Кандинский) (April 6, 1849, Byankino, Nerchinsky District, Siberia – July 3, 1889, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian psychiatrist, and was 2nd cousin to famed artist Wassily Kandinsky.[1] He was born in Siberia into a large family of extremely wealthy businessmen.[2] Victor Kandinsky was one of the famous figures in Russian psychiatry and most notable for his contributions to the understanding of hallucinations.[3] Biography[edit] He graduated from Moscow Imperial University Medical School in 1872 and started to work as a general practitioner in one of the hospitals in Moscow.[4] In 1878 he married his medical nurse Elizaveta Karlovna Freimut (Russian: Елизавета Карловна Фреймут).[4] In October 1878, Victor again entered a psychiatric hospital. In 1881, he moved to Saint Petersburg.[4] Kandinsky was a mental health worker employed by the Psychiatric Hospital of St. Kandinsky joined the St. Scientific contribution[edit] Works[edit]
Prosper Mérimée Education and literary debut[edit] Prosper Mérimée was born in Paris on September 28, 1803, early in the Empire of Napoleon Bonaparte. His father Léonor was a painter who became professor of design at the École polytechnique, and was engaged in a study of the chemistry of oil paints. He finished the Lycée with high marks in classical languages and in 1820 he began to study law, planning for a position in the royal administration. Between the spring of 1823 and the summer of 1824, he wrote his first literary works: a political and historical play called Cromwell; a satirical piece called Les Espagnols en Dannark (The Spanish in Denmark); and a set of six short theater pieces called the Théâtre de Clara Gazul, a witty commentary about the theater, politics and life which purported to be written by a Spanish actress, but which actually targeted current French politics and society. Frontispiece of La Guzla, showing the purported author, Hyacinthe Maglanovich Personal life[edit] Works[edit]
Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau Marshal Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau (French pronunciation: [ʁɔʃɑ̃bo]; 1 July 1725 – 10 May 1807) was a French nobleman and general who played a major role in helping the Thirteen Colonies win independence during the American Revolution. During this time, he served as commander-in-chief of the French Expeditionary Force that embarked from France in order to help the American Continental Army fight against British forces. Military life[edit] American Revolution[edit] Landing of a French auxiliary army in Newport, Rhode Island on 11 July 1780 under the command of the comte de Rochambeau. In 1780, Rochambeau was appointed commander of land forces as part of the project code named Expédition Particulière.[1] He was given the rank of Lieutenant General in command of some 7,000 French troops and sent to join the Continental Army under George Washington during the American Revolutionary War. Return to France[edit] Legacy[edit] Honors[edit] Memoirs[edit] Legacy[edit]
Mathurin Jacques Brisson From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia French zoologist and natural philosopher Mathurin Jacques Brisson (French pronunciation: [matyʁɛ̃ ʒak bʁisɔ̃]; 30 April 1723 – 23 June 1806) was a French zoologist and natural philosopher. Brisson was born at Fontenay-le-Comte. As a young man, he was a disciple and assistant of René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur. A significant work involving the "specific weight of bodies" was his Pesanteur Spécifique des Corps (1787).[4] In his investigations of electricity, Brisson was opposed to the theories of Priestley and Franklin.[5] He died at Croissy-sur-Seine near Paris. Publications[edit] Regne animal divisé en 9. classes (in French). Sources[edit] This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). External links[edit]
Alfred Korzybski Alfred Habdank Skarbek Korzybski ([kɔˈʐɨpski]; July 3, 1879 – March 1, 1950) was a Polish-American independent scholar who developed a field called general semantics, which he viewed as both distinct from, and more encompassing than, the field of semantics. He argued that human knowledge of the world is limited both by the human nervous system and the languages humans have developed, and thus no one can have direct access to reality, given that the most we can know is that which is filtered through the brain's responses to reality. His best known dictum is "The map is not the territory". Early life and career[edit] Korzybski was educated at the Warsaw University of Technology in engineering. During the First World War Korzybski served as an intelligence officer in the Russian Army. His first book, Manhood of Humanity, was published in 1921. General semantics[edit] He sought to train our awareness of abstracting, using techniques he had derived from his study of mathematics and science.