alien ecologies | the hyperstitional portal to futurial mutation Georges Bizet Georges Bizet (French: [ʒɔʁʒ bizɛ];[1] 25 October 1838 – 3 June 1875), registered at birth as Alexandre César Léopold Bizet, was a French composer of the Romantic era. Best known for his operas in a career cut short by his early death, Bizet achieved few successes before his final work, Carmen, which has become one of the most popular and frequently performed works in the entire opera repertoire. During a brilliant student career at the Conservatoire de Paris, Bizet won many prizes, including the prestigious Prix de Rome in 1857. Bizet's marriage to Geneviève Halévy was intermittently happy and produced one son. Life[edit] Early years[edit] Family background and childhood[edit] Georges Bizet was born in Paris on 25 October 1838. Conservatoire[edit] Charles Gounod, depicted here in later life, was a mentor and inspiration to Bizet in the latter's Conservatoire years. In 1856, Bizet competed for the prestigious Prix de Rome. Rome, 1858–1860[edit] Georges Bizet photographed in about 1860
John Dryden 17th-century English poet and playwright John Dryden (; 19 August [O.S. 9 August] 1631 – 12 May [O.S. 1 May] 1700) was an English poet, literary critic, translator, and playwright who was made England's first Poet Laureate in 1668.[1] Early life[edit] Dryden was born in the village rectory of Aldwincle near Thrapston in Northamptonshire, where his maternal grandfather was rector of All Saints. He was the eldest of fourteen children born to Erasmus Dryden and wife Mary Pickering, paternal grandson of Sir Erasmus Dryden, 1st Baronet (1553–1632), and wife Frances Wilkes, Puritan landowning gentry who supported the Puritan cause and Parliament. As a humanist public school, Westminster maintained a curriculum which trained pupils in the art of rhetoric and the presentation of arguments for both sides of a given issue. Later life and career[edit] Dryden, by James Maubert, c. 1695 Frontispiece and title page, vol. Reputation and influence[edit] Dryden near end of his life Poetic style[edit]
Anachronism Chronological inconsistency An anachronism (from the Greek ἀνά ana, "against" and χρόνος khronos, "time") is a chronological inconsistency in some arrangement, especially a juxtaposition of persons, events, objects, or customs from different periods. The most common type of anachronism is an object misplaced in time, but it may be a verbal expression, a technology, a philosophical idea, a musical style, a material, a plant or animal, a custom, or anything else associated with a particular period that is placed outside its proper temporal domain. An anachronism may be either intentional or unintentional. Intentional anachronisms may be introduced into a literary or artistic work to help a contemporary audience engage more readily with a historical period. Anachronism can also be used for purposes of rhetoric, comedy, or shock. Types[edit] Parachronism[edit] Prochronism[edit] Behavioral and cultural anachronism[edit] Politically motivated anachronism[edit] Art and literature[edit] Examples are:
Carl Friedrich Zelter Carl Friedrich Zelter (11 December 1758 – 15 May 1832)[1] was a German composer, conductor and teacher of music. Working in his father's bricklaying business, Zelter attained mastership in that profession, and was a musical autodidact. Zelter was born and died in Berlin. He became friendly with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, and his works include settings of Goethe's poems. Amongst Zelter's pupils (at different times) were Felix Mendelssohn,[3][4] Fanny Mendelssohn,[5] Giacomo Meyerbeer, Eduard Grell, Otto Nicolai, Johann Friedrich Naue, and Heinrich Dorn.[6] See: List of music students by teacher: T to Z#Carl Friedrich Zelter. Postage stamp (1952) from the series Men from Berlin's Past Zelter was the author of a biography of Carl Friedrich Christian Fasch, first published in 1801 by J.F. External links[edit] Free scores by Carl Friedrich Zelter at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP) Notes[edit] References[edit] Garratt, James (2002).
Auguste Comte French philosopher, mathematician and sociologist (1798–1857) Isidore Marie Auguste François Xavier Comte (French: [oˈɡyst kɔ̃t] ; 19 January 1798 – 5 September 1857)[6] was a French philosopher, mathematician and writer who formulated the doctrine of positivism. He is often regarded as the first philosopher of science in the modern sense of the term.[7] Comte's ideas were also fundamental to the development of sociology; indeed, he invented the term and treated that discipline as the crowning achievement of the sciences.[8] Influenced by Henri de Saint-Simon,[6] Comte's work attempted to remedy the social disorder caused by the French Revolution, which he believed indicated imminent transition to a new form of society. He sought to establish a new social doctrine based on science, which he labelled positivism. Life[edit] In 1824, Comte left Saint-Simon, again because of unbridgeable differences. Comte married Caroline Massin in 1825. Work[edit] Comte's positivism[edit] [edit] Notes[edit]
Victor Kandinsky Victor Khrisanfovich Kandinsky (Russian: Виктор Хрисанфович Кандинский) (April 6, 1849, Byankino, Nerchinsky District, Siberia – July 3, 1889, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian psychiatrist, and was 2nd cousin to famed artist Wassily Kandinsky.[1] He was born in Siberia into a large family of extremely wealthy businessmen.[2] Victor Kandinsky was one of the famous figures in Russian psychiatry and most notable for his contributions to the understanding of hallucinations.[3] Biography[edit] He graduated from Moscow Imperial University Medical School in 1872 and started to work as a general practitioner in one of the hospitals in Moscow.[4] In 1878 he married his medical nurse Elizaveta Karlovna Freimut (Russian: Елизавета Карловна Фреймут).[4] In October 1878, Victor again entered a psychiatric hospital. In 1881, he moved to Saint Petersburg.[4] Kandinsky was a mental health worker employed by the Psychiatric Hospital of St. Kandinsky joined the St. Scientific contribution[edit] Works[edit]
Prosper Mérimée Education and literary debut[edit] Prosper Mérimée was born in Paris on September 28, 1803, early in the Empire of Napoleon Bonaparte. His father Léonor was a painter who became professor of design at the École polytechnique, and was engaged in a study of the chemistry of oil paints. He finished the Lycée with high marks in classical languages and in 1820 he began to study law, planning for a position in the royal administration. Between the spring of 1823 and the summer of 1824, he wrote his first literary works: a political and historical play called Cromwell; a satirical piece called Les Espagnols en Dannark (The Spanish in Denmark); and a set of six short theater pieces called the Théâtre de Clara Gazul, a witty commentary about the theater, politics and life which purported to be written by a Spanish actress, but which actually targeted current French politics and society. Frontispiece of La Guzla, showing the purported author, Hyacinthe Maglanovich Personal life[edit] Works[edit]
Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau Marshal Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau (French pronunciation: [ʁɔʃɑ̃bo]; 1 July 1725 – 10 May 1807) was a French nobleman and general who played a major role in helping the Thirteen Colonies win independence during the American Revolution. During this time, he served as commander-in-chief of the French Expeditionary Force that embarked from France in order to help the American Continental Army fight against British forces. Military life[edit] American Revolution[edit] Landing of a French auxiliary army in Newport, Rhode Island on 11 July 1780 under the command of the comte de Rochambeau. In 1780, Rochambeau was appointed commander of land forces as part of the project code named Expédition Particulière.[1] He was given the rank of Lieutenant General in command of some 7,000 French troops and sent to join the Continental Army under George Washington during the American Revolutionary War. Return to France[edit] Legacy[edit] Honors[edit] Memoirs[edit] Legacy[edit]
Alfred Korzybski Alfred Habdank Skarbek Korzybski ([kɔˈʐɨpski]; July 3, 1879 – March 1, 1950) was a Polish-American independent scholar who developed a field called general semantics, which he viewed as both distinct from, and more encompassing than, the field of semantics. He argued that human knowledge of the world is limited both by the human nervous system and the languages humans have developed, and thus no one can have direct access to reality, given that the most we can know is that which is filtered through the brain's responses to reality. His best known dictum is "The map is not the territory". Early life and career[edit] Korzybski was educated at the Warsaw University of Technology in engineering. During the First World War Korzybski served as an intelligence officer in the Russian Army. His first book, Manhood of Humanity, was published in 1921. General semantics[edit] He sought to train our awareness of abstracting, using techniques he had derived from his study of mathematics and science.
Giacomo Leopardi Giacomo Taldegardo Francesco di Sales Saverio Pietro Leopardi (Italian: [ˈdʒaːkomo leoˈpardi]; 29 June 1798 – 14 June 1837) was an Italian philosopher, poet, essayist, and philologist. He is considered the greatest Italian poet of the nineteenth century and one of the most important figures in the literature of the world, as well as one of the principal of literary romanticism; his constant reflection on existence and on the human condition - of sensuous and materialist inspiration - also makes him a deep philosopher. He is widely seen as one of the most radical and challenging thinkers of the 19th century.[2][3] Although he lived in a secluded town in the conservative Papal States, he came in touch with the main ideas of the Enlightenment, and through his own literary evolution, created a remarkable and renowned poetic work, related to the Romantic era. Biography[edit] Leopardi was born into a local noble family in Recanati, in the Marche, at the time ruled by the papacy. Aspasia[edit]
Charles Baudelaire Charles Pierre Baudelaire (French: [ʃaʁl bodlɛʁ]; April 9, 1821 – August 31, 1867) was a French poet who also produced notable work as an essayist, art critic, and pioneering translator of Edgar Allan Poe. His most famous work, Les Fleurs du mal (The Flowers of Evil), expresses the changing nature of beauty in modern, industrializing Paris during the 19th century. Baudelaire's highly original style of prose-poetry influenced a whole generation of poets including Paul Verlaine, Arthur Rimbaud and Stéphane Mallarmé among many others. He is credited with coining the term "modernity" (modernité) to designate the fleeting, ephemeral experience of life in an urban metropolis, and the responsibility art has to capture that experience.[1] Baudelaire the poet[edit] Baudelaire is one of the major innovators in French literature. Early life[edit] Baudelaire was educated in Lyon, where he boarded. Portrait by Emile Deroy (1820–1846) Published career[edit] The Flowers of Evil[edit] Final years[edit]
Nikolai Berdyaev Berdyaev's grave, Clamart (France). Nikolai Alexandrovich Berdyaev (/bərˈdjɑːjɛf, -jɛv/;[1] Russian: Никола́й Алекса́ндрович Бердя́ев; March 18 [O.S. March 6] 1874 – March 24, 1948) was a Russian political and also Christian religious philosopher who emphasized the existential spiritual significance of human freedom and the human person. Alternate historical spellings of his name in English include "Berdiaev" and "Berdiaeff", and of his given name as "Nicolas" and "Nicholas". Biography[edit] Nikolai Berdyaev was born at Obukhiv,[2] Kiev Governorate in 1874, in an aristocratic military family.[3] His father, Alexander Mikhailovich Berdyaev, came from a long line of Kiev and Kharkiv nobility. Greatly influenced by Voltaire, his father was an educated man that considered himself a freethinker and expressed great skepticism towards religion. Berdyaev decided on an intellectual career and entered the Kiev University in 1894. In 1904, he married Lydia Yudifovna Trusheff. Philosophy[edit] Sources