Semantic Networks. John F. Sowa This is an updated version of an article in the Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence, edited by Stuart C. Shapiro, Wiley, 1987, second edition, 1992. Most of the text from 1992 is unchanged, but more references and updates have been added. A semantic network or net is a graph structure for representing knowledge in patterns of interconnected nodes and arcs. Computer implementations of semantic networks were first developed for artificial intelligence and machine translation, but earlier versions have long been used in philosophy, psychology, and linguistics. What is common to all semantic networks is a declarative graphic representation that can be used to represent knowledge and support automated systems for reasoning about the knowledge.
Definitional networks emphasize the subtype or is-a relation between a concept type and a newly defined subtype. Network notations and linear notations are capable of expressing equivalent information. 1. Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. SENNA. SENNA is a software distributed under a non-commercial license, which outputs a host of Natural Language Processing (NLP) predictions: part-of-speech (POS) tags, chunking (CHK), name entity recognition (NER), semantic role labeling (SRL) and syntactic parsing (PSG). SENNA is fast because it uses a simple architecture, self-contained because it does not rely on the output of existing NLP system, and accurate because it offers state-of-the-art or near state-of-the-art performance.
SENNA is written in ANSI C, with about 3500 lines of code. It requires about 200MB of RAM and should run on any IEEE floating point computer. Proceed to the download page. New in SENNA v3.0 (August 2011) Here are the main changes compared to SENNA v2.0: DISCLAIMER: Our word embeddings differ from Joseph Turian's embeddings (even though it is unfortunate they have been called "Collobert & Weston embeddings" in several papers). Details R. R. Download Everything is included in a single tar-gzipped file (185MB). Linux. Concept extraction. Graph database. Database that uses mathematical graphs to store and search data Graph databases differ from graph compute engines. Graph databases are technologies that are translations of the relational online transaction processing (OLTP) databases. On the other hand, graph compute engines are used in online analytical processing (OLAP) for bulk analysis.[5] Graph databases attracted considerable attention in the 2000s, due to the successes of major technology corporations in using proprietary graph databases,[6] along with the introduction of open-source graph databases.
One study concluded that an RDBMS was "comparable" in performance to existing graph analysis engines at executing graph queries.[7] History[edit] Graph structures could be represented in network model databases from the late 1960s. Labeled graphs could be represented in graph databases from the mid-1980s, such as the Logical Data Model.[10][11] Commercial object databases (ODBMSs) emerged in the early 1990s. Background[edit] GraphBase - the World's Most Powerful Graph DBMS. Graph (abstract data type) A labeled graph of 6 vertices and 7 edges.
A graph data structure may also associate to each edge some edge value, such as a symbolic label or a numeric attribute (cost, capacity, length, etc.). Graph algorithms are a significant field of interest within computer science. Typical higher-level operations associated with graphs are: finding a path between two nodes, like depth-first search and breadth-first search and finding the shortest path from one node to another, like Dijkstra's algorithm.
A solution to finding the shortest path from each node to every other node also exists in the form of the Floyd–Warshall algorithm. The basic operations provided by a graph data structure G usually include: Structures that associate values to the edges usually also provide: get_edge_value(G, x, y): returns the value associated to the edge (x,y).set_edge_value(G, x, y, v): sets the value associated to the edge (x,y) to v. Different data structures for the representation of graphs are used in practice: Processing.js. Tutorials.