Andreas Klöckner's web page. The Web framework for perfectionists with deadlines. Matplotlib: python plotting — Matplotlib v1.0.1 documentation. WxPython. What is wxPython? SciPy - Blender 3D: Blending Into Python. This is the start of a Blender/Python manual.
At the moment the most useful areas are the optimization guide and the cookbook. Python is high-level, easy to learn scripting language, that can be applied to various aspects of Blender, and MANY other things.