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Jitter is the undesired deviation from true periodicity of an assumed periodic signal in electronics and telecommunications , often in relation to a reference clock source . Jitter may be observed in characteristics such as the frequency of successive pulses, the signal amplitude , or phase of periodic signals. Jitter is a significant, and usually undesired, factor in the design of almost all communications links (e.g., USB , PCI-e , SATA , OC-48 ). In clock recovery applications it is called timing jitter . [ 1 ] Jitter can be quantified in the same terms as all time-varying signals, e.g., RMS , or peak-to-peak displacement.
Jitter - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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EIA : Electronic Industries Alliance
The former sectors of EIA are the Electronic Components Association ( ECA ), JEDEC , Government Electronics and Information Technology Association ( GEIA ), now part of TechAmerica, Telecommunications Industry Association ( TIA ), and Consumer Electronics Association ( CEA ). These associations are listed on the menu on the left side of this page.
A solid-state relay (SSR) is an electronic switching device in which a small control signal controls a larger load current or voltage. It comprises a voltage or current sensor which responds to an appropriate input (control signal), a solid-state electronic switching device of some kind which switches power to the load circuitry either on or off, and some coupling mechanism to enable the control signal to activate this switch without mechanical parts. The relay may be designed to switch either AC or DC to the load. It serves the same function as an electromechanical relay , but has no moving parts . Bi-directional solid state relay with opto-isolation.
Solid state relay - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Schematic diagram of an opto-isolator showing source of light (LED) on the left, dielectric barrier in the center, and sensor (phototransistor) on the right. [ note 1 ] In electronics , an opto-isolator , also called an optocoupler , photocoupler , or optical isolator , is "an electronic device designed to transfer electrical signals by utilizing light waves to provide coupling with electrical isolation between its input and output". [ 1 ] The main purpose of an opto-isolator is "to prevent high voltages or rapidly changing voltages on one side of the circuit from damaging components or distorting transmissions on the other side." [ 2 ] Commercially available opto-isolators withstand input-to-output voltages up to 10 kV [ 3 ] and voltage transients with speeds up to 10 kV/ μs . [ 4 ] [ edit ] History Photoresistor-based opto-isolators were introduced in the 1960s. They are the slowest, but also the most linear isolators and still retain a niche market in audio and music industry.
Opto-isolator - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Current mode logic ( CML ), or source-coupled logic ( SCL ), is a differential digital logic family intended to transmit data at speeds between 312.5 Mbit/s and 3.125 Gbit/s over a standard printed circuit board . [ 1 ] The transmission is point-to-point, unidirectional and is usually terminated at the destination with 50 Ω resistors to V cc on both differential lines. CML is the physical layer used in DVI and HDMI video links, and is frequently used in interfaces to fiber optic components. This technology has been also used in design of high speed integrated circuits such as in telecommunication applications (serial data transceivers, frequency synthesizers, etc.). This fast operation of CML circuits is mainly due to their lower output voltage swing compared to the static CMOS circuits and also the very fast current switching taking place at the input differential pair circuit.
Current mode logic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Differential signaling is a method of transmitting information electrically by means of two complementary signals sent on two separate wires. The technique can be used for both analog signaling, as in some audio systems, and digital signaling, as in RS-422 , RS-485 , Ethernet (twisted-pair only), PCI Express and USB . The opposite technique, which is more common but lacks some of the benefits of differential signaling, is called single-ended signaling . In a system with a differential receiver, desired signals add and noise is subtracted away. At the end of the connection, the receiving device reads the difference between the two signals.
Differential signaling - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
PCI Express - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
PCI Express ( Peripheral Component Interconnect Express ), officially abbreviated as PCIe , is a computer expansion bus standard designed to replace the older PCI , PCI-X , and AGP bus standards. PCIe has numerous improvements over the aforementioned bus standards, including higher maximum system bus throughput, lower I/O pin count and smaller physical footprint, better performance-scaling for bus devices, a more detailed error detection and reporting mechanism (Advanced Error Reporting (AER) [ 1 ] ), and native hot-plug functionality. More recent revisions of the PCIe standard support hardware I/O virtualization.
A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is an error-detecting code commonly used in digital networks and storage devices to detect accidental changes to raw data. Blocks of data entering these systems get a short check value attached, based on the remainder of a polynomial division of their contents; on retrieval the calculation is repeated, and corrective action can be taken against presumed data corruption if the check values do not match. CRCs are so called because the check (data verification) value is a redundancy (it adds no information to the message) and the algorithm is based on cyclic codes . CRCs are popular because they are simple to implement in binary hardware , easy to analyze mathematically, and particularly good at detecting common errors caused by noise in transmission channels. Because the check value has a fixed length, the function that generates it is occasionally used as a hash function . The CRC was invented by W.
Cyclic redundancy check - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Snubber Circuit Design Calculators
Driving inductive loads with transistor switches, whether they be flyback transformers, relays or motors often result in the high voltage resonant spikes when the coils are interrupted from their current current source by the transistor. There are various ways of mitigating these undesirable spikes which cause component failures and EMI issues. The most common approach is to use snubber circuits.
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In telecommunications and electronics , baud ( / ˈ b ɔː d / , unit symbol "Bd") is synonymous to symbols per second or pulses per second . It is the unit of symbol rate , also known as baud rate or modulation rate ; the number of distinct symbol changes (signaling events) made to the transmission medium per second in a digitally modulated signal or a line code . The baud rate is related to but should not be confused with gross bit rate expressed in bit/s. The symbol duration time , also known as unit interval , can be directly measured as the time between transitions by looking into an eye diagram of an oscilloscope . The symbol duration time T s can be calculated as: where f s is the symbol rate.
Baud - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
1553B Communication interface to USB Bus
This USB Avionics Device includes a Bus Monitor and Analysis Software. Source code provided for samples, and detailed documentation. The device comes with a powerful set of library functions to access the entire MIL-STD-1553B functionality.FOMIS_Datasheet_WEB.pdf (application/pdf Object)
Open IIS Help , which is accessible in IIS Manager (inetmgr), and search for topics titled Web Site Setup , Common Administrative Tasks , and About Custom Error Messages .FADEC - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Full Authority Digital Engine (or Electronics ) Control (FADEC) is a system consisting of a digital computer , called an electronic engine controller (EEC) or engine control unit (ECU), and its related accessories that control all aspects of aircraft engine performance. FADECs have been produced for both piston engines and jet engines . [ 1 ] [ edit ] HistoryxPC Target interfaces the target PC to an MIL-STD-1553 bus using the MIL-STD-1553 blocks provided by the xPC Target I/O block library. The xPC Target MIL-STD-1553 blocks work with the Condor Engineering PCI-1553 and QPCI-1553 series boards ( http://www.condoreng.com ). The xPC Target I/O block library supports the MIL-STD-1553 bus with the MIL-STD-1553 sublibrary. The sublibrary consists of the following groupings Regardless of the operation, always initialize your board with the PCI/QPCI Initialize block.
Introduction :: MIL-STD-1553 Support (xPC Target)
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