10 Examples of CT. We all encounter opportunities in our daily lives to engage problems and decisions using strong critical thinking.
A Brief History of the Idea of Critical Thinking. Socrates set the agenda for the tradition of critical thinking, namely, to reflectively question common beliefs and explanations, carefully distinguishing those beliefs that are reasonable and logical from those which — however appealing they may be to our native egocentrism, however much they serve our vested interests, however comfortable or comforting they may be — lack adequate evidence or rational foundation to warrant our belief.
Socrates’ practice was followed by the critical thinking of Plato (who recorded Socrates’ thought), Aristotle, and the Greek skeptics, all of whom emphasized that things are often very different from what they appear to be and that only the trained mind is prepared to see through the way things look to us on the surface (delusive appearances) to the way they really are beneath the surface (the deeper realities of life). Francis Bacon, in England, was explicitly concerned with the way we misuse our minds in seeking knowledge. John Dewey agreed. A CT Model. To Analyze Thinking We Must Identify and Question its Elemental Structures Standard: Clarityunderstandable, the meaning can be grasped Could you elaborate further?
Could you give me an example? Could you illustrate what you mean? Standard: Accuracyfree from errors or distortions, true How could we check on that? Standard: Precisionexact to the necessary level of detail Could you be more specific? Standard: Relevancerelating to the matter at hand How does that relate to the problem? Standard: Depthcontaining complexities and multiple interrelationships What factors make this a difficult problem? Standard: Breadthencompassing multiple viewpoints Do we need to look at this from another perspective? Standard: Logicthe parts make sense together, no contradictions Does all this make sense together? Standard: Significancefocusing on the important, not trivial Is this the most important problem to consider? Standard: FairnessJustifiable, not self-serving or one-sided Think About...
State the Question. Conditional Logic and Children. From 180 primary children of varied backgrounds half were selected for instruction in conditional logic by means of an audio-tutorial method.
At the termination of 15 weekly lessons the experimental students did no better than the control students on our individually-administered conditional logic test ("Smith-Sturgeon Conditional Reasoning Test"), but there was wide variation among age demonstrated mastery of basic principles of conditional logic. Thus, although out methods were not effective in the teaching of conditional logic to young children, many have somehow learned it anyway. In the control group significant relationships between conditional logic ability and verbal intelligence (.6) and socioeconomic status (.4) were found.
No significant relationship between conditional logic ability and sex was discernable. (Author) CT Elementary Math. CT in Music. Critical Thinking in Music (Music Thinking Strategies) Drawing on the empirically-based Visual Thinking Strategies model, Critical Thinking in Music is a constructivist, inquiry-based approach to developing musical reasoning and understanding unique to APS.
Developed by Dr. Adriana Van Rensburg, Critical Thinking in Music is used at the elementary, middle, and high school levels. Originally called "Music Thinking Strategies" because it parallels Visual Thinking Strategies, the Professional Learning videos below demonstrate how and why to use it in your classroom.Critical Thinking in Music/Music Thinking Strategies is an APS program and not affiliated with Visual Understanding in Education (Visual Thinking Strategies) headquartered in New York City. See workshop video below downloadable resources. CT in Music (ideas) CT Rubric (VALUE) CT Survey of Math and Science Teachers. What Is CT? HO Grid (Music) How to Teach CT? Robert H.
Ennis, rhennis@illinois.edu The actual teaching of critical thinking is a function of many situation-specific factors: teacher style, teacher interest, teacher knowledge and understanding, class size, cultural and community backgrounds and expectations, student expectations and backgrounds, colleagues’ expectations, recent local events, the amount of time available to teachers after they have done all the other things they have to do, and teacher grasp of critical thinking, to name some major factors. I here suggest some general strategies and tactics gleaned from years of experience, research, and others’ suggestions. They are guidelines and must be adjusted to fit the actual situation. Underlying Strategies (The three underlying strategies are “Reflection, Reasons, Alternatives” (RRA): 1. 2. 3.
Fundamental Strategies 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Tactics 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Music Teaching and Critical Thinking. Revised BT. Teaching CT. The Path to CT. Few of us are effective critical thinkers—who has time?
The good news, says Stever Robbins, is that this skill can be learned. by Stever Robbins Can you write a refresher on critical thinking? We business leaders so like to believe that we can think well, but we don't. Only one in seven even reaches the top 10 percent of quality thinkers.1 The rest of us haven't even read a book on critical thinking, much less practiced. What's logic got to do with it? Purely emotional decision making is bad news.