Making decisions. Ideas. Experiments. Economics & Governance. Decentralized Infrastructure. Decentralized collaboration. See Ya Later, Capitalism — the Collaborative Economy Is Taking Over — Backchannel. The old model of unwieldy behemoths is giving way to a new one of collaboration.
Welcome to the world of Peers. Compare the phone you had as a kid to the one in your pocket now. The first was a telephone owned by a monopoly that you used at most only minutes a day. The latter is a smart networked device you refer to hundreds of times. The end of capitalism has begun. The red flags and marching songs of Syriza during the Greek crisis, plus the expectation that the banks would be nationalised, revived briefly a 20th-century dream: the forced destruction of the market from above.
For much of the 20th century this was how the left conceived the first stage of an economy beyond capitalism. The force would be applied by the working class, either at the ballot box or on the barricades. Arthur Koestler, Some general properties of self-regulating open hierarchic order (1969) 1. The holon 1.1 The organism in its structural aspect is not an aggregation of elementary parts, and in its functional aspects not a chain of elementary units of behaviour. 1.2 The organism is to be regarded as a multi-levelled hierarchy of semi-autonomous sub-wholes, branching into sub-wholes of a lower order, and so on. Sub-wholes on any level of the hierarchy are referred to as holons. 1.3 Parts and wholes in an absolute sense do not exist in the domains of life.
Swarm intelligence. Swarm intelligence (SI) is the collective behavior of decentralized, self-organized systems, natural or artificial.
The concept is employed in work on artificial intelligence. The expression was introduced by Gerardo Beni and Jing Wang in 1989, in the context of cellular robotic systems.[1] The application of swarm principles to robots is called swarm robotics, while 'swarm intelligence' refers to the more general set of algorithms. Revolutionizing Crowdfunding.
Holon. English[edit] Etymology[edit] particle: hole + -onsociology term: holo- + -on, from Ancient Greek ὅλος (hólos, “whole”) with the suffix -on suggesting a particle or part.
Noun[edit]