6 Real Planets That Put Science Fiction to Shame. George Lucas dreamed up planets with two suns and cloud cities, and Gene Roddenberry invented dozens of worlds that were all suspiciously similar to the Southern California desert.
But as actual space exploration advances and we start to learn what's really on the surface of those distant worlds, it becomes increasingly clear that our imagination has no chance of competing with the jaw-dropping, pants-peeing craziness outer space is capable of cooking up. For instance ... #6. Grpaper. Kaye effect. Leaping Shampoo. Shear thinning. Shear thinning is an effect where a fluid's viscosity—the measure of a fluid's resistance to flow—decreases with an increasing rate of shear stress.
Another name for a shear thinning fluid is a pseudoplastic. This property is found in certain complex solutions, such as lava, ketchup, whipped cream, blood, paint, and nail polish. It is also a common property of polymer solutions and molten polymers. Pseudoplasticity can be demonstrated by the manner in which squeezing a bottle of ketchup, a Bingham plastic, causes the contents to undergo a change in viscosity.
The force causes it to go from being thick like honey to flowing like water. Kaggle: making data science a sport. Sonoluminescence. Single-bubble sonoluminescence - A single, cavitating bubble.
Video of synthetic wound cavity collapsing creating sonoluminescence. Long exposure image of multi-bubble sonoluminescence created by a high-intensity ultrasonic horn immersed in a beaker of liquid History[edit] Twistor theory. In theoretical and mathematical physics, twistor theory maps the geometric objects of conventional 3+1 space-time (Minkowski space) into geometric objects in a 4-dimensional space with metric signature (2,2).
This space is called twistor space, and its complex valued coordinates are called "twistors. " In 2003, Edward Witten[2] proposed uniting twistor and string theory by embedding the topological B model of string theory in twistor space. His objective was to model certain Yang-Mills amplitudes. The resulting model has come to be known as twistor string theory (read below). Lawrence Krauss: Atom: A Cosmic Mystery Story (talk) Decibel. The definition of the decibel is based on the measurement practices in telephony of the early 20th century in the Bell System in the United States.
Today, the unit is used for a wide variety of measurements in science and engineering, most prominently in acoustics, electronics, and control theory. In electronics, the gains of amplifiers, attenuation of signals, and signal-to-noise ratios are often expressed in decibels. The decibel confers a number of advantages, such as the ability to conveniently represent very large or small numbers, and the ability to carry out multiplication of ratios by simple addition and subtraction. The decibel symbol is often qualified with a suffix that indicates which reference quantity has been used or some other property of the quantity being measured. For example, dBm indicates a reference level of one milliwatt, while dBu is referenced to approximately 0.775 volts RMS.[2] History[edit] Standards[edit] Definition[edit] Conversions[edit] Power quantities[edit]
Muscle Types. Muscle tissue has four main properties: Excitability (ability to respond to stimuli), Contractibility (ability to contract), Extensibility (ability to be stretched without tearing) and Elasticity (ability to return to its normal shape). Based on certain structural and functional characteristics, muscle tissue is classified into three types: cardiac, smooth and skeletal. Cardiac Cardiac muscle tissue forms the bulk of the wall of the heart.
Sun tanning. A suntanned arm showing browner skin where it has been exposed.
This pattern of tanning is often called a farmer's tan. Sun tanning or simply tanning is the process whereby skin color is darkened or tanned. Kardashev scale. The Kardashev scale is a method of measuring a civilization's level of technological advancement, based on the amount of energy a civilization is able to utilize.
The scale has three designated categories called Type I, II, and III. A Type I civilization uses all available resources on its home planet, Type II harnesses all the energy of its star, and Type III of its galaxy. The scale is only hypothetical, but it puts energy consumption in a cosmic perspective. List of humorous units of measurement. Many people have made use of, or invented, units of measurement intended primarily for their humour value.
This is a list of such units invented by sources that are notable for reasons other than having made the unit itself, and of units that are widely known in the anglophone world for their humour value. Conventional[edit] These units may or may not have precise objectively measurable values, but all of them measure quantities that have been defined within the International System of Units. Systems[edit] FFF units[edit] Most countries use the International System of Units (SI). One furlong per fortnight is very nearly 1 centimetre per minute (to within 1 part in 400). Great Underground Empire (Zork)[edit] Chronostasis. The most well-known version of this illusion is known as the stopped-clock illusion, wherein a subject's first impression of the second-hand movement of an analog clock, subsequent to one's directed attention (i.e. saccade) to the clock, is the perception of a slower-than-normal second-hand movement rate: when first observing the second hand it appears to remain stationary for longer than the subsequent periods between movements.[3][4][5][6] This illusion can also occur in the auditory and tactile domain.
Direction of Time Fuzzy for Subatomic Particles. Subatomic particles don't care if time moves forward or backward — it's all the same to them.
But now physicists have found proof of one theorized exception to this rule. Usually, time is symmetrical for particles, meaning events happen the same way if time progresses forward or backward. Occam's razor. The sun, moon and other solar system planets can be described as revolving around the Earth.
However that explanation's ideological and complex assumptions are completely unfounded compared to the modern consensus that all solar system planets revolve around the Sun. Grand Unified Theory. A Grand Unified Theory (GUT) is a model in particle physics in which at high energy, the three gauge interactions of the Standard Model which define the electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions, are merged into one single interaction characterized by one larger gauge symmetry and thus one unified coupling constant. During the grand unification epoch, the gauge force separated from the gravitational force. Models that do not unify all interactions using one simple Lie group as the gauge symmetry, but do so using semisimple groups, can exhibit similar properties and are sometimes referred to as Grand Unified Theories as well. Unifying gravity with the other three interactions would provide a theory of everything (TOE), rather than a GUT.
Nevertheless, GUTs are often seen as an intermediate step towards a TOE. History[edit] Supersymmetry. Hierarchy problem. In theoretical physics, the hierarchy problem is the large discrepancy between aspects of the weak force and gravity.[1] Physicists are unable to explain, for example, why the weak force is 1032 times stronger than gravity. Technical definition[edit] Studying the renormalization in hierarchy problems is difficult, because such quantum corrections are usually power-law divergent, which means that the shortest-distance physics are most important. Because we do not know the precise details of the shortest-distance theory of physics, we cannot even address how this delicate cancellation between two large terms occurs.
Therefore, researchers postulate new physical phenomena that resolve hierarchy problems without fine tuning.