Finance Alternative
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Pour éviter la case "banque", le prêt entre particuliers - Économie
Le prêt entre particuliers, mode d'emploi : reportage de Marion Lhour (01'22'')
Private equity
In finance , private equity is an asset class consisting of equity securities in operating companies that are not publicly traded on a stock exchange . [ 1 ] A private equity investment will generally be made by a private equity firm , a venture capital firm or an angel investor . Each of these categories of investor has its own set of goals, preferences and investment strategies; however, all provide working capital to a target company to nurture expansion, new product development, or restructuring of the company’s operations, management, or ownership. [ 2 ] Bloomberg Businessweek has called private equity a rebranding of leveraged buyout firms after the 1980s. Among the most common investment strategies in private equity are: leveraged buyouts , venture capital , growth capital , distressed investments and mezzanine capital . In a typical leveraged buyout transaction, a private equity firm buys majority control of an existing or mature firm.
Crowd funding
Crowd funding or crowdfunding (alternately crowd financing , equity crowdfunding , or hyper funding ) describes the collective effort of individuals who network and pool their money, usually via the Internet , to support efforts initiated by other people or organizations. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Crowdfunding is used in support of a wide variety of activities, including disaster relief , citizen journalism , support of artists by fans, political campaigns, startup company funding, [ 3 ] motion picture promotion, [ 4 ] free software development, inventions development, scientific research, [ 5 ] and civic projects. Crowdfunding can also refer to the funding of a company by selling small amounts of equity to many investors.Venture capital
Venture capital ( VC ) is financial capital provided to early-stage, high-potential, high risk, growth startup companies . The venture capital fund makes money by owning equity in the companies it invests in, which usually have a novel technology or business model in high technology industries, such as biotechnology , IT , software , etc. The typical venture capital investment occurs after the seed funding round as growth funding round (also referred to as Series A round ) in the interest of generating a return through an eventual realization event, such as an IPO or trade sale of the company.
An angel investor or angel (also known as a business angel or informal investor ) is an affluent individual who provides capital for a business start-up , usually in exchange for convertible debt or ownership equity . A small but increasing number of angel investors organize themselves into angel groups or angel networks to share research and pool their investment capital, as well as to provide advice to their portfolio companies. [ 1 ] [ edit ] Description [ edit ] Source and extent of funding Angels typically invest their own funds, unlike venture capitalists who manage the pooled money of others in a professionally-managed fund . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Although typically reflecting the investment judgment of an individual, the actual entity that provides the funding may be a trust , business, limited liability company , investment fund , or other vehicle. A Harvard report [ 4 ] by William R.
Angel investor
Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. La tontine est un contrat aléatoire correspondant au financement collectif de l'achat d'un actif financier ou d'un bien dont la propriété revient à une partie seulement des souscripteurs. On distingue les « placements tontiniers » des « associations tontinières », qui sont des sortes de sociétés mutuelles ayant cours en Afrique.
Tontine
Tontine An Alternative financial Instrument in Cambodian Communities 12th NZASIA Conference Massey University 26-29 November 1997 by Man Hau Liev
Tontine Cambodia
A self-employed man was charged in a traffic court on Thursday with seven traffic offences including speeding, dangerous driving and driving under disqualification.
Malaysia moves to legalise tontine scheme
Kent McKeever, Columbia Law School , has posted the paper, A Short History of Tontine s. Here is the abstract: The tontine, with its underlying premise that the living participants benefit from the death of their fellows, does not deserve its shadowy reputation. It had some success in its original purpose, as a means of government fund raising. It was most successful as a means of private development and investment from around 1780 through the 1850's. However, it was used as a gimmick in the selling of life insurance and as a cover for outright fraud in the latter part of the 19th Century.
McKeever on Tontines
Continuons notre revue des placements financiers d'epargne retraite et découvrons qu'est-ce que la tontine en faisant un peu d'histoire (le principe est identique a celui appliqué aux biens immobiliers). La tontine n'est pas un produit (financier) mais un système d'épargne dont on trouve la définition dans n'importe quel dictionnaire : "Une association collective d'épargnants qui mettent en commun des fonds pour une période librement déterminée." Le résultat : un esprit mutualiste qui fait la force et limite les risques pour les participants. C'est la raison pour laquelle on ne dit pas un souscripteur mais un adhérent, et que l'on ne parle pas d'un assuré mais d'un sociétaire... Sous son apparence un tantinet "désuète et ringarde" se cache un système d'épargne mutuelle parmi les plus rentables !
LA TONTINE FRANCE
Investissement socialement responsable
Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. L’ Investissement socialement responsable ( ISR ) est l'application des principes du développement durable aux placements financiers [ 1 ] . Définitions [ modifier ] La définition la plus communément acceptée en France est que « l'ISR est une forme de placement consistant à prendre systématiquement en compte des critères liés à l'Environnement, au Social et à la Gouvernance (on parle aussi de critères ESG), en sus des critères financiers » [ 2 ] . L’ Association Française de la Gestion financière et le Forum pour l'Investissement Responsable donnent également une définition de l'ISR dans le cadre du Code de transparence [ 3 ] : « Application des principes du développement durable à l’investissement.Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. La finance islamique , en accord avec le droit musulman selon quelques oulémas, est basée sur deux principes : l'interdiction de l' intérêt et la responsabilité sociale de l'investissement. Elle lie plus étroitement la rentabilité financière d'un investissement avec les résultats du projet concret associé. L’islam interdit les transactions tant civiles que commerciales faisant recours à l'intérêt ( ribâ ), à la spéculation ( gharar ) ou au hasard ( maysir ). Néanmoins, de plus en plus de musulmans [ 1 ] sont d'avis que la finance islamique est un subterfuge car elle ne diffèrerait pas réellement du système de prêt traditionnel.