Emergence. In philosophy, systems theory, science, and art, emergence is a process whereby larger entities, patterns, and regularities arise through interactions among smaller or simpler entities that themselves do not exhibit such properties. Emergence is central in theories of integrative levels and of complex systems. For instance, the phenomenon life as studied in biology is commonly perceived as an emergent property of interacting molecules as studied in chemistry, whose phenomena reflect interactions among elementary particles, modeled in particle physics, that at such higher mass—via substantial conglomeration—exhibit motion as modeled in gravitational physics. Neurobiological phenomena are often presumed to suffice as the underlying basis of psychological phenomena, whereby economic phenomena are in turn presumed to principally emerge.
In philosophy, emergence typically refers to emergentism. In philosophy[edit] Main article: Emergentism Definitions[edit] Strong and weak emergence[edit] Constructal Theory and the Asynsis Principle | ASYNSIS. It’s with a sense of relief and vindication that work that I’ve previously termed Dynamical Symmetries or more recently, Asynsis (asymptotic synthesis), regarding optimal information, mass and energy flows in nature has also occurred in parallel, over a similar timeframe of 20-odd years. It’s called Constructal Law or Theory, if you prefer. The author of this research (which comes to similar conclusions), is the renowned Professor Adrian Bejan of the Pratt School of Mechanical Engineering at Duke University, NC, USA. He describes himself as an engineer and thermodynamicist as elaborated on here: The substantial and diverse academic work in the constructal field is to be found here: I also feel that our work is highly complementary in that he approached it as an engineer while I did as an architect.
“Both positive and negative feedback loops effect a system. L-system. L-system trees form realistic models of natural patterns Origins[edit] 'Weeds', generated using an L-system in 3D. As a biologist, Lindenmayer worked with yeast and filamentous fungi and studied the growth patterns of various types of algae, such as the blue/green bacteria Anabaena catenula.
Originally the L-systems were devised to provide a formal description of the development of such simple multicellular organisms, and to illustrate the neighbourhood relationships between plant cells. Later on, this system was extended to describe higher plants and complex branching structures. L-system structure[edit] The recursive nature of the L-system rules leads to self-similarity and thereby, fractal-like forms are easy to describe with an L-system. L-system grammars are very similar to the semi-Thue grammar (see Chomsky hierarchy). G = (V, ω, P), where The rules of the L-system grammar are applied iteratively starting from the initial state. Examples of L-systems[edit] Example 1: Algae[edit] start : A. Issw-1998-060-066.