Safe Internet – Internet Piracy & Infringement. We are all familiar with the term piracy and its original historical meaning, which was basically a description used for robbery with violence at sea by pirates. In our digital modern world, internet piracy is a new form of robbery, without the violence, but with the same consequences as its seafaring predecessors. Internet piracy is the term used to describe acts of copyright infringement, which is basically theft, but more complicated than that in the eyes of the law. Copyright is a form of intellectual property and is designed to give the originator of material such as music and movies, the right to be paid for their work and have control over the distribution and selling of their copyrighted material.
The traditional view of internet piracy is when someone knowingly and deliberately carries out an act of copying and distributing something over the internet for others to view, without the express permission of the original owner of the material. Worldwide problem – different views. Internet Piracy: The Effects of Streaming Services and the Digital Marketplace – Columbia Science and Technology Law Review. What is Fair Use? | Copyright Alliance FAQs Page. Fair use is an affirmative defense that can be raised in response to claims by a copyright owner that a person is infringing a copyright. Fair use permits a party to use a copyrighted work without the copyright owner’s permission for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research. These purposes only illustrate what might be considered as fair use and are not examples of what will always be considered as fair use.
In fact, there are no bright-line rules in determining fair use, since it is determined on a case-by-case basis. But copyright law does establish four factors that must be considered in deciding whether a use constitutes a fair use. Although one factor or another may weigh more heavily in a fair use determination, each of the factors must be considered and no one factor alone can determine whether the use falls within the fair use exception. Factor 1: The Purpose and Character of the Use Factor 2: The Nature of the Copyrighted Work. Fair Use. The policy behind copyright law is not simply to protect the rights of those who produce content, but to "promote the progress of science and useful arts. " U.S. Const. Art. I, § 8, cl. 8. Section 107 of the Copyright Act defines fair use as follows: [T]he fair use of a copyrighted work, including such use by reproduction in copies or phonorecords or by any other means specified by that section, for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright.
Unfortunately, there is no clear formula that you can use to determine the boundaries of fair use. The Four Fair Use Factors 1. If you use another's copyrighted work for the purpose of criticism, news reporting, or commentary, this use will weigh in favor of fair use. A common misconception is that any for-profit use of someone else's work is not fair use and that any not-for-profit use is fair. 2. 3. 4.
What Is Fair Use? - Copyright Overview by Rich Stim - Stanford Copyright and Fair Use Center. In its most general sense, a fair use is any copying of copyrighted material done for a limited and “transformative” purpose, such as to comment upon, criticize, or parody a copyrighted work. Such uses can be done without permission from the copyright owner. In other words, fair use is a defense against a claim of copyright infringement. If your use qualifies as a fair use, then it would not be considered an infringement. So what is a “transformative” use?
If this definition seems ambiguous or vague, be aware that millions of dollars in legal fees have been spent attempting to define what qualifies as a fair use. There are no hard-and-fast rules, only general guidelines and varied court decisions, because the judges and lawmakers who created the fair use exception did not want to limit its definition. Like free speech, they wanted it to have an expansive meaning that could be open to interpretation. Commentary and Criticism Parody. More Information on Fair Use. Fair use is a legal doctrine that promotes freedom of expression by permitting the unlicensed use of copyright-protected works in certain circumstances. Section 107 of the Copyright Act provides the statutory framework for determining whether something is a fair use and identifies certain types of uses—such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research—as examples of activities that may qualify as fair use.
Section 107 calls for consideration of the following four factors in evaluating a question of fair use: Purpose and character of the use, including whether the use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes: Courts look at how the party claiming fair use is using the copyrighted work, and are more likely to find that nonprofit educational and noncommercial uses are fair. In addition to the above, other factors may also be considered by a court in weighing a fair use question, depending upon the circumstances. 6 Steps To Managing Your Online Reputation. This can be your best friend or your worst enemy. Lori Randall Stradtman, author of Online Reputation Management for Dummies, tells what she calls a “geek joke:” Where do you hide a dead body? Answer: On the third page of Google results. That quip helps explain the increased number of players in the field of online reputation management.
Reputation.com, Reputation Changer, Big Blue Robot, Metal Rabbit Media, are some of the outfits that promise to hide negative information that comes up on Google searches about you or about someone else with your same name. They also work to make your preferred online profile float to the top of search results in order to boost your personal or corporate brand. Most of these companies charge fees that start at $5,000 a year.
But what about the rest of us who want to make sure that potential employers and customers find the online content we want them to find? But there is plenty we can do ourselves without the help of outsiders. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Cyberbullying (for Parents) What Is Cyberbullying? Cyberbullying is when someone uses technology to harass, threaten, embarrass, or target another person. It happens on devices like smartphones, computers, tablets, and gaming systems. Cyberbullying hurts people, and in some cases is against the law. Sometimes cyberbullying can be easy to spot — for example, if your child shows you a text, comment, or post that is harsh, mean, or cruel.
What Are the Effects of Cyberbullying? Kids have almost constant access to their devices, so cyberbullying is hard to escape. Kids who are cyberbullied can struggle to concentrate in school, which can affect how well they do there. Cyberbullies also can be suspended or expelled from school or kicked off of sports teams. What Are the Signs of Cyberbullying? Many kids and teens who are cyberbullied don't want to tell a teacher, parent, or trusted adults, often because they feel ashamed or fear that their devices will be taken away at home. Signs of cyberbullying vary, but may include: StopBullying.gov. The Online Disinhibition Effect, 20 Years Later | FifteenEightyFour | Cambridge University Press. As researchers like Norman Holland, Adam Joinson, and myself noted twenty years ago, people tend to say and do things online that they would not typically say and do in the in-person world.
In an article that I first published in The Psychology of Cyberspace, I described six ingredients of this “online disinhibition effect.” More recently, in Psychology of the Digital Age: Humans Become Electric, I expanded those ingredients to eight. I find it interesting that of all the many things I’ve written about cyberspace, that original article about the disinhibition effect is by far the most frequently cited. It’s also the topic that most journalists want to discuss with me. Even though there are actually very few experimental studies demonstrating the ODE, it seems to be a phenomenon that resonates with everyone.
We’ve all seen people doing very disinhibited things online. Curiously, these concerns focus on just one of the two basic types of disinhibition: the toxic type. The Wild West. The online disinhibition effect. - PubMed - NCBI. Online Disinhibition Effect | Encyclopedia of Psychology. Plagiarism - Marshall University Libraries. 1. About Plagiarism The purpose of this web page is to explain plagiarism through examples and definitions. Plagiarism is a form of academic dishonesty that you should avoid because it may lead to a failing grade or academic expulsion. The penalties for unintended, or accidental, plagiarism are the same as for intentional planned plagiarism. Like many academic institutions, Marshall University makes use of software that checks if material submitted by students has already been published on the web. 2. The Marshall University plagiarism policy as stated in the Green Book is this:Plagiarism: Submitting as one's own work or creation any material or an idea wholly or in part created by another. 3.
A. Refer to the following examples of the definition of plagiarism. Original source: Surfing was very popular in the Hawaiian Islands when Captain James Cook arrived there in 1778. Example of acceptable direct quotation: Example of acceptable paraphrase with some quotation: Examples of Plagiarism: b. Home - Plagiarism.org.